RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-11, Number: 10 (October), 11 (November), 12
(December) – 2018
(A Multidisciplinary, Peer reviewed / Referred Research Journal
Concerned with Environment and Life Sciences)
(p-ISSN: 0974-4908)
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (10) 265-267
(2018) Efficacy of some medicinal
plants on growth and development of pulse beetle Callosobruchus
maculatus Fab. Archana Kumari* and Sangeeta Avasthi Department of Zoology, A.N.D.N.N.M. Mahavidyalaya, Kanpur-208012, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author e-mail: archanamn15@gmail.com Paper received: 22.08.18; Revised received: 26.09.18; Paper
Accepted: 28.09.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Callosobruchus
maculatus Fab. is one of the major pest of pulses. Great damage is noted
during storage. Post harvest losses in gram grains ranged from 30-40% within
the six months due to pest attack. Many medicinal plants and spices have been
traditionally used for pest control. Present study was carried on, to
investigate the efficacy of six medicinal plants’ parts viz., the
leaves of Boerhavia diffusa
L., (punarnava), Enicostemma
hyssopifolium (chhota
chirayata), Merriemia
turpethum L. (nishothara),
Cinnamomum tamala
(tejpat), flowers of Mesua
ferrea (nagkesar) and
root of Clerodendrum serratum
L. To find out the effect of extracts of plants’ parts on growth and
development of beetle, observations for fecundity, hatching percentage,
pupation percentage, percentage of adult emergence and longevity of male and
female adults were recorded. The minimum fecundity (13.22 eggs per female),
hatching percentage (20.21%), pupation percentage (13.21%), percentage of
adult emergence (4.13%) and longevity of male (2.73 days) and female (3.07
days) were recorded in the grains treated with the extract of leave of Enicostemma hyssopifolium.
The grains treated with the extract of leave of Cinnamomum
tamala showed least efficacy against the pulse
beetle with maximum fecundity (56.13 eggs per female), hatching percentage
(57.80%), pupation percentage (58.35%), Percentage of adult emergence
(51.21%) and longevity of male (5.02 days) and female (6.23 days). The
extracts of all taken medicinal plants used as grain protectants
protect the grains from insect significantly in comparison to untreated
control. Keywords: Callosobruchus
maculatus Fab.,
Fecundity, Hatching percentage, Adult emergence, Longevity of adults |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (10) 268-273
(2018) Neutralization and phytoremediation of alkaline bauxite
residue (Red mud) - A review Sonali Acharya, Rojali
Maharana and Nabin Kumar
Dhal Environment and Sustainability
Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
Bhubaneswar-751013, India *Corresponding author e-mail: rojalimaharana111@gmail.com Paper received: 11.08.18; Revised received: 21.09.18; Paper Accepted:
23.09.18; Category: Review paper |
Abstract: Bauxite residue (red mud) is a harmful waste liberated from
alumina refining industries and possesses a serious environmental concern. If
it is not managed properly, extreme alkalinity and its potential impact poses
a significant risk to the surrounding. The proper management of bauxite
residues is becoming a worldwide problem. So, its awareness must be created
to protect our environment. As the amount of RM increases, it possesses a
serious environmental problem. This paper describes the production of
bauxite, its world and Orissa scenario, generation of red mud and its
characterization. It reviews comprehensively the disposal and neutralization
methods of red mud and gives the detailed idea of the work carried out til now. After neutralization, it can subsequently be
treated by phytoremediation where plant growth and its accumulation
capability has to take into consideration.
Phytoremediation is the most promising idea for the management of bauxite
residues by choosing proper vegetation. Keywords : Bauxite residue (redmud), highly
alkaline, neutralization, phytoremediation |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (10) 274-276
(2018) Companion cropping of
summer groundnut in spring planted sugarcane for increasing two fold income
of farmers R.A. Singh1*,
M.K. Singh1, Subhash Chandra1
and I.P. Singh2 1C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and
Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India 2K.V.K., Auraiya, (U.P.), India *Corresponding author e-mail: rasinghcsau@gmail.com Paper received: 17.08.18; Revised received: 19.09.18; Paper
Accepted: 24.09.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2006 and 2007 in the
catchments area of river Ganga at Unnao district of central Plain Zone IV of Uttar Pradesh. The experimental
soil was sandy clay loam, having poor fertility status. The main objective
was to popularize the summer groundnut cultivation as intercrop with spring
season planted sugarcane for increasing income of farmers upto
two fold. The highest pod yield of groundnut was recorded with cultivar Dh
86 and ICGV 93468 by 27.40 q/ha and 27.35 q/ha, respectively, in
inter cropping system. the
order of varietal performance was Dh 86 and ICGV 93468 followed
by ICGS 1, ICGS 44, ICGV 86590 and G 201 in companion cropping
of sugarcane and summer groundnut without any adverse effect of sugarcane on
summer groundnut and vice-versa. Spring sugarcane intercropped with different
cultivars of summer groundnut produced higher cane stalk over spring
sugarcane alone. The spring sugarcane intercropped with Dh 86 and ICGV
93468 gave higher stalk yield by 782.00 q and 783.00 q/ha, respectively,
in comparison to other cropping system and spring cane alone (761.00 q/ha). the companion cropping system with cvs. Dh 86 and ICGV 93468 increased the
income by 1.95 fold over spring sugarcane alone. Keywords: Companion
cropping, Summer groundnut, Synergistic cropping, two fold income |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (10) 277-280
(2018) Effect
of nickel and its interaction with boron on pigments and enzymes activity in Pisum sativum
seedlings A.
Verma* Department of Botany, University of
Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, India *Corresponding author e-mail: adi_kobe@yahoo.co.in Paper received: 22.07.18; Revised received: 06.09.18; Paper
Accepted: 08.09.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: The pea seedlings were raised in petridish
for 15 days in different concentrations of nickel (100 µM, 200 µM, 400 µM and
600 µM). Combination of boron (50 and 100 µM) with nickel (200, 400 and 600
µM), was also given for the recovery of damage occurred in pea seedlings. In
nickel treatments (100, 200, 400 and 600 µM), chlorophyll (a, b, and total)
and pheophytin (a, b, and total) contents were
found to be decreased in comparison to control. In control total chlorophyll
and total pheophytin were 1.527 mg/g and 1.348 mg/g
but they were 1.493 and 1.358 mg/g in 100 µM nickel, 0.990 and 1.297 mg/g in
200 µM nickel, 0.656 and 1.126 mg/g in 400 µM nickel and 0.375 and 1.071 mg/g
in 600 µM nickel. On combined application of boron (50 and 100 µM) these
pigments were increased. Carotenoids content was
increased (0.216, 0.236, 0.263 and 0.286 mg/g) with increasing nickel
concentrations from control (0.207). In the recovery treatments of boron, carotenoids contents were found to be decreased at
certain levels. The amylase activity (a, b
and total amylase) was inhibited in all the nickel concentrations (100, 200,
400 and 600 µM) except a very slight increase in â amylase in 100 µM and 200
µM nickel treatment. In combination with boron (50 and 100 µM) amylase
activity increased to certain level and maximum 8.50 amylase activity was
analyzed in recovery treatment of 50 µM boron in 200 µM nickel. Marked
increase in catalase and peroxidase
activity was noticed in seedlings on exposure of nickel over control. Similar
trend was observed in the activities of acid phosphatase
and polyphenol oxidase.
In recovery treatment of iron 50 µM in 200 µM nickel, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase showed better recovery than in other recovery
treatments. Keywords: Pea, Nickel, Boron, Iron, Cholorophyll,
Pheophytin, Carotenoids,
Amylase, Catalase, Peroxidase,
Acid phosphatase, Polyphenol
oxidase |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (10) 281-284
(2018) Study of biochemical
activity and bioaccumulation in Spinacia oleracea L., as treated by tannery effluent with
effect on soil properties Kamlesh Nath1*, B.P. Singh2
and Y.K. Sharma2 1E.C.S., A.R.P. Ltd.Lucknow, India; 2Department
of Botany, Lucknow, University, Lucknow-226007, India *Corresponding author e-mail: nathkamlesh@rediffmail.com Paper received: 28.07.18; Revised received: 14.09.18; Paper
Accepted: 11.09.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Effect of tannery effluent on total proteins, total sugar, catalase and peroxidase was
studied in spinach. The protein increased at lower levels of tannery effluent
and then significantly decreased at >50% tannery effluent onwards. Sugar
decreased significantly as tannery effluent concentration increased. Peroxidase ,Catalase was decreased at 10% to 25% tannery
effluent and showed significant increase at 50 % tannery effluent onwards. In
recovery treatments protein and catalase were
higher with 25 ppm of zinc sulphate,
potassium sulphate and iron sulphate
when combinedly used with 50% tannery effluent. Sugar was observed higher
with 25 ppm of zinc sulphate,
iron sulphate and 10 ppm
of potassium sulphate whereas peroxidase
was higher with 10 ppm of zinc sulphate
and iron sulphate and 25 ppm
of potassium sulphate when combinedly used with 50%
concentration of tannery effluent. All parameters of soil showed increase
with increased concentration of tannery effluent. In recovery treatments pH
was higher with 10ppm of zinc sulphate, potassium sulphate and iron sulphate
whereas EC was higher with 25 ppm of zinc sulphate and potassium sulphate
and 10 ppm of iron sulphate
when combinedly used with 50% tannery effluent. Organic matter was more with
10ppm of zinc sulphate, potassium sulphate and iron sulphate
whereas CaCO3 was higher with 25 ppm of potassium sulphate and
iron sulphate, when combinedly used with 50%
tannery effluent. Chromium was higher with 10 ppm
zinc sulphate, potassium sulphate
and iron sulphate when combinedly used with 50%
tannery effluent. The zinc was higher with 10 ppm
of potassium sulphate, iron sulphate
and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate
while iron was found higher with 25 ppm of zinc sulphate, iron sulphate and 10 ppm of potassium sulphate when
combinedly used with 50% tannery effluent. Potassium was found higher with 10
ppm of zinc sulphate, and
25 ppm of potassium sulphate,
iron sulphate when combinedly used with 50% tannery
effluent. Keywords: Tannery effluent, Chromium, Protein, Sugars, Catalase, Peroxidase, Spinach,
Organic Matter, calcium carbonate, Zinc sulphate, Potassium sulphate and
Iron sulphate |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (11) 285-291
(2018) Deforestation in Kerala
over a quarter century (1993-2017) and the outbreak of Nipah
Virus: an analysis using remote sensing technology and GIS approach Beadanga Talukdar*, Ankit
Sikarwar and Mayanka Ambade International Institute for Population
Sciences, Deonar Mumbai-400088, India *Corresponding author e-mail: bedanga3@gmail.com Paper received: 28.09.18; Revised received: 22.10.18; Paper
Accepted: 25.10.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Habitat destruction due to infrastructural,
and developmental activities are primarily associated with outbreak of zoonotic infections. The habitat change negatively
impacts ecological integrity and biodiversity by disrupting food web
structure of “flying fox” fruit bat (pteropus).
Squeeze in food recourses leads in nutritional and physiological stress among
bats. That brings bats closer to human habitation and increases the chances
of exposure to food near and transmitting it to humans. Henceforth the
present study aims to analyse the extent of forest
cover loss for the period from 1993 to 2017 in the four Nipah
struck districts of Kerala. Which shall enhance our understanding of
depletion in forest cover depletes functional richness of species and bats
which shall have implications in outbreak of diseases in the ecological
process. Data and methodology: The satellite data derived from the United
States Geological Survey (USGS) in the form of Landsat
Thematic Mapper-5 (TM5) from the years of 1993 and 2017 for the four
districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram,
and Waynad in the state of Kerala, where recent
outbreak of Nipah 2018 is used in the analysis. In
the present study, Supervised Classification Scheme is applied to calculate
the spatial change in forest cover over time. Moreover, the NDVI (Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index) is calculated to find out the changes in the
density and quality of forest which shall comprehend our knowledge on the
susceptibility of bats to land use land cover change. The Nipah
out-broke districts all together have experienced an extensive decline in
forest cover (2,03,939, hectares) from 1993 to 2017.
The loss is significant as about 27% of its forest has been lost in the area
of interest. The Mean level of NVDI statistics has shifted to lower values
indicating an alarming decline in dense vegetative cover over the years. The
entire micro-region with spares vegetative cover suggests a change in habitat
with reduced food resources for bats. The Nutritional and physiological stress
pushed the vectors of the pathogen into human settlement resulting in the zoonotic outbreak. Keywords: Deforestation, Habitat loss, NVDI, Nipah,
Kerala |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (11) 292-295
(2018) Fungicidal
management of powdery mildew disease of wheat in Jammu Shahid Ahamad*1, Jag Paul Sharma1, M.K. Pandey2, B. Lal3,
Satish K. Sharma1, and Amitesh Sharma1 1Directorate
of Research, 2AICRP-Wheat, 3KVK, Reasi, Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K),
India *Corresponding author e-mail: shahid_2056@yahoo.co.in Paper received: 16.09.18; Revised received: 24.10.18; Paper
Accepted: 29.10.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe
graminis D.C. f.sp. tritici Marchal ranks third among the wheat diseases inflicting
considerable losses in many parts of the world. In India, the disease is
mainly confined to the northern and southern hills. The result revealed that
all the treatments records significant reduction of disease incidence and
increase yield. Two spray of Tilt 25 EC (0.1%) were recorded highest yield
(44.57 q/ha), followed by one spray of Tilt 25 EC (42.07 q/ha) and Karathane @ 0.05% after 15 days interval (40.47 q/ha)
respectively. While highest yield increased was found in case of two spray of
Tilt 25 EC i.e.10.48 q/ha followed by one spray of Tilt 25 EC i.e.7.45q/ha
and two spray of Karathane @ 0.05% i.e. 6.15 q/ha
respectively. Whereas minimum disease severity was observed in case of two
sprays of Tilt (0.01%) at 15 days interval was 0.27 %, followed by one spray
of Tilt 25 EC i.e. 2.51% and two spray of Karathane
350 EC @ 0.05 i.e. 4.07 %, respectively. It was observed that propiconazole sprayed field remained free from the
disease. Keywords: Wheat, Triticum aestivum,
Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici, Powdery
mildew |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (11) 296-299
(2018) Effect of salinity on shoot fresh and dry mass in soybean (Glycine max L.) Naheed
Siddiqui* Rajat P.G.
College, Kamta, India *Corresponding author e-mail: drnaheedlohani@gmail.com Paper received: 06.08.18; Revised received: 11.10.18; Paper
Accepted: 17.10.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: The soybean agro-industries play a vital role in
strengthening the national economy as it provide livelihood to people in
millions. The soy meal has the potential to ensure food and nutrition
security in the country, particularly among the weaker section of the
society. As salinization of soils became an
important problem world-wide in determination of responses of cultivated
plants, which differ in salt tolerance is an important phenomenon in
distinguishing plant salinity relations. Salinization
of agriculture arced as due to intense practices and irrigation is an
important feature limiting crop yield and productivity. The impact of
salinity irrigation on plant biomass was also evaluated in relation to levels
and durations of the salinity. The data shown in paper favored inability in
parallel with the higher levels of salinity in relation to retention of shoot
fresh mass and shoot dry mass. The loss in shoot mass as shown by PS-1241
ranged from 22-27% in comparison to 41-47% incase used lower (50 mM) and higher (150 mM) levels
of salinity in response to treatment duration (60-105 days). Almost similar
losses have also been show with other two cultivars of soybean. Keywords: Salinity, Soybeans, Shoot and root mass, NaCl,
saline soil |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (11) 300-302
(2018) Effect of salinity stress on maize and gram with recovery
treatment of ascorbate Manoj Kumar Soni Central Institute for Subtropical
Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow, India *Corresponding author
e-mail: bedanga3@gmail.com Paper received: 15.08.18; Revised received: 16.10.18; Paper
Accepted: 19.10.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Salinity caused the damage, the chlorophyll contents (total, a and b) and a/b ratio showed a decline with increasing
concentration of NaCl. When the total chlorophyll
content and a/b ratio were 3.061 and 1.37 respectively in control, the
addition of 50 mM NaCl
decreased them to 3.000 and 1.32 respectively in maize plant. However, the
antioxidant pigments-pheophytin ((total, a & b) and carotenoid
contents showed increase with increasing stress by NaCl.
At 200 mM NaCl concentration
total pheophytin and carotenoid
contents were found maximum (4.123 and 1.178 respectively) while at 50 mM NaCl they were a bit lower
(3.919 and 1.040 respectively). The total pheophytin
and carotenoid contents were less in ascorbate
treated plants (4.045 and 1.139 respectively) than ascorbate untreated 200 mM NaCl plants (4.123 and
1.178) showing that ascorbate treated plants were less affected by damage
caused by NaCl. In gram plants chlorophyll contents
(total, a & b) showed a decline with increasing concentration
of NaCl. The total chlorophyll contents were 2.399
in control. The addition of 50 mM NaCl decreased them to 2.300. However, the antioxidant
pigments- pheophytin ((total, a
& b) and carotenoid contents showed an
increase with increasing salinity stress by increasing NaCl
concentration. At 200 mM NaCl
concentration total pheophytin and carotenoid contents were maximum
(4.041 and 1.332 respectively). Application of ascorbate led to an increase
in chlorophyll contents while decrease in pheophytin
and carotenoid contents as compared to ascorbate
untreated plants provided with same concentration of NaCl
e.g. plants treated with ascorbate and 200 mM
NaCl showed higher chlorophyll content (2.140) than
plants treated with 200 mM NaCl
alone (2.014).suggests a change in habitat with reduced food resources for
bats. The Nutritional and physiological stress pushed the vectors of the
pathogen into human settlement resulting in the zoonotic
outbreak. Keywords: Maize, Gram, Salinity, Ascorbic acid, NaCl,
Pigments |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (11) 303-308
(2018) Perspectives on sustainable strategies for control of water
pollution Mayank
Pushkar*1, Ratna
Katiyar1 and H.P.S Rathore2 Department of Environmemtal
Science, Univeristy of Lucknow, Licknow-226001, India;
2CPCB, Delhi, India *Corresponding author
e-mail: mayank8886@gmail.com Paper received: 08.08.18; Revised received: 17.10.18; Paper
Accepted: 21.10.18; Category: Review Article |
Abstract: In the recent years, there has been a remarkable growth of
interest in environmental issues and sustainability. Associated with this
growth several national and international agencies improve the understanding
between environment and development, for which sustainable strategies for any
kind of development is an important example. Environmental pollution is
considered as unfavorable alternation in the surrounding caused by
anthropogenic activities, changes in the living standards and energy use
pattern, population growth. Environmental pollution is of global concern and
both developing and developed countries have given wide attention towards its
consequences. Deterioration in environmental quality as a result of pollution
is demonstrated by loss of biological diversity, release of harmful chemicals
in the ambient environment and their accumulation in the organisms and food
grains etc. Among various dimensions of environment water is considered as
critical resource for sustaining various life forms on the planet. Rapid
industrialization, uncontrolled rise in population, urban sprawl have
significantly contributed in the depletion of water quality. This paper
reveals about the Perspectives on Sustainable Strategies for Control of Water
Pollution. Keywords: Perspectives, Sustainable Strategies, and Water Pollution |
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64 |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 309-311
(2018) Assessment of protein content in the some agro waste materials Madhu Prakash Srivastava Mamta
Girls Degree College, Barabanki, India *Corresponding author e-mail: madhusrivastava2010@gmail.com Paper received: 02.10.18; Revised received: 19.11.18; Paper
Accepted: 21.11.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: Agricultural products can contain substantial
amounts of proteins. A number of proteins both derived from plants and
animals, have been produced commercially for a long time. These proteins,
such as potato proteins, proteins from cereals, soybeans and milk, are being
used in food and feed, as well as in various non-food or technological
applications. In the case of Bio-fertilizer enhances organic materials
availability to plant more than an ordinary organic fertilizer. This is an
environmentally friendly biotechnological approach also offers as an
alternative to hazardous chemical fertilizers. In this present investigation
to Assessment of Protein Content in the some agro waste materials were
evaluated. In this regard after inoculation with Trichoderma
LUNS1, the changes in chemical profile were observed in all the
substrates used for mass multiplication of Trichoderma
LUNS1 over uninoculated control.
Combination of wheat bran and rice bran has shown the highest content of
protein. The increase in Trichoderma LUNS1
inoculated wheat bran + rice bran was 73.777 over the uninoculated
wheat bran+ rice bran. So, Agricultural activities and food industry generate
considerable quantities of wastes which are rich in protein and could
constitute new materials for value added products. Keywords: Agricultural activities, Protein Contact, Agro
Waste Material, Trichoderma LUNS1 |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 312-316
(2018) Inducing early flowering
trait along with drought tolerance in Improved White Ponni
through introgression of qDTY3.1 from APO Madhu Prakash Srivastava,
Shamini, K., Muthukumar, M., Raveendran, M., Sudhakar, V.,
and John Joel Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore-641 003, India *Corresponding author e-mail: jnjoel@gmail.com Paper received: 19.07.18; Revised received: 22.11.18; Paper
Accepted: 27.11.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: A major breeding objective in rice breeding programs is
developing early maturing rice varieties that can reduce crop duration and
enable 2-3 crops per year. Combining this early maturation trait along with
drought tolerance is possible in improving stress tolerance in rice varieties
through marker assisted introgression of mega effect QTLs from Apo, an upland
drought tolerant rice variety. In this context, the present study was
conducted for introgression of drought tolerance with early maturation in the
genetic background of Improved White Ponni (IWP), a
drought susceptible, fine grain type, popularly cultivated variety in Tamil
Nadu, Indiathrough marker assisted QTL
introgression from Apo, harboring large effect QTLs controlling grain yield
under drought stress (viz., qDTY
1.1, qDTY 2.1, qDTY 3.1).Two
superior lines of BC2F3generation of IWP x Apo
population (BILs) with 2 QTL combinations under homozygous conditions;i) Class A (qDTY
1.1 +qDTY 3.1): BIL # 4-2-2 in, and ii) Class B
(qDTY2.1+ qDTY 3.1): BIL # 4-7-4were selected
by foreground selection using SSR markers linked with target QTLs and
background selection with50genome wide polymorphic SSR markers.Both
these BILsharbored one QTL in common, i.e., qDTY3.1
that is responsible for conferring early flowering trait. These BILs were
evaluated for their phenotypic performance under drought stress conditions in
the field which revealed that both the BILs performed better over the
recipient parent IWP fortraits like spikelet
fertility percentage,grain yield and plant height.
Earliness was induced in both the BILs as the days to flowering was found to
be advanced by 20-25 days earlier than IWP, which could be attributed to qDTY3.1.
This study confirms that the introgression of qDTY3.1 could help
in developing early maturing rice varieties. Keywords: Near isogenic lines, Improved White
Ponni, qDTY3.1, early maturation, days to
flowering, drought tolerance, QTL introgression |
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66 |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 317-321
(2018) Effect
of BA (Benzyladenine) during floral induction in
cucumber Yogendra Kumar
Singh, Gopal Tiwari and Sandeep Kaur Department
of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226001, India
*Corresponding author e-mail: yogi.251976@gmail.com Paper received: 24.07.18; Revised received: 11.11.18; Paper
Accepted: 16.11.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: The experiment show the effect of varying BA concentration
and duration on the activity of two key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism
viz. sucrose synthase and acid invertase
during floral induction in cucumber. During pre-flowering stage the sucrose synthase activity consistently decreased as compared to
control with the increasing concentration of BA. It was 171.60 µmol/gm fresh
weight in control and declined to 155.05, 147.60 and 138.27 µmol/gm fresh
weight in plants exposed to 0.5, 5.0 and 50 µM BA for 24 hours respectively;
the last value showing a significant difference with control. The increasing
concentration and duration of BA treatment showed a cumulative effect on the
activity of sucrose synthase as well. During
flowering its activity was found to be 154.60 µmol/gm fresh weight in control, a marked decrease from the
pre-flowering activity of 171.60. At pre-flowering acid invertase
activity was 103.38 µmol/gm fresh weight in control which increased to 114.00
µmol/gram fresh weight when 0.5 µM BA was applied for 24 hours. The highest
activity of acid invertase was recorded in plants
treated with 50 µM BA for 72 hours (131.84 µmol/gm fresh weight) which was a
significantly lower value than control. At the pre-flowering stage the
activity of IAA oxidase increased as compared to
control with the increasing concentration of BA. In control it was 0.604 µg
IAA oxidized /gm fresh weight/hr at pre-flowering stage which increased to
0.618, 0.624 and 0.626 µg IAA oxidized /gm fresh weight/hr in plants given
0.5, 5.0 and 50 µM BA for 24 hours respectively. The increased duration of BA
treatment also increased the IAA oxidase activity.
At flowering the IAA oxidase activity was lower
than that at pre-flowering stage in control as well as in treated plants. The
maximum activity of IAA oxidase was recorded in
plants treated with 50 µM BA for 72 hours (0.623 µg IAA oxidized /gm fresh
weight/hr); a considerably significant value. In contrast to the activity of
IAA oxidase, the activity of PPO as well as of peroxidase increased in both the conditions – when plants
switched from pre-flowering stage to flowering stage and also when BA was
applied, the concentration and duration again showing a cumulative effect.
The highest peroxidase activity, just like that of
PPO, was recorded in 50 µM/72 hours BA at both pre-flowering stage (22.48 DO.D./gm fresh
weight) and flowering stage (28.08 DO.D./gm fresh weight). Keywords: cucumber, (Cucumis sativus L.),
Sucrose, Acid Invertase, IAA, Polyphenoloxidase,
Peroxidase |
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67 |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 322-324
(2018) Estimation of median lethal concentration (LC50)
and it’s criteria Dharam Singh*1, Kamlesh K. Yadav2, Kamlesh Nath3 and S. P. Trivedi2 1Department of Environmental Science, I.B.S.B.T., C.S.J.M.
University, Kanpur-208002,
India 2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226001,
India 3E.C.S., A.R.P. Ltd. Lucknow, India *Corresponding author e-mail: ds_envi@rediffmail.com Paper received: 04.08.18; Revised received: 16.11.18; Paper
Accepted: 21.11.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract: The median lethal concentration (LC50) is usually
described as the concentration of chemical in the water that cause death to
the 50% of the animals in a given population under a defined set of
experimental condition. Acute lethality studies were essential for
characterizing the toxic effects of chemicals. The method employed in the
present investigation for the estimation of LC50 was Trimmed
Spearman Karber Method. Several sets of experiments
were designed to generate the raw data for the determination of LC50
after 96 hours of the exposure period. The 10 concentrations were selected in
logarithmic ratio. In each experiment 10 fishes were subjected to the test
chemical and a close watch kept over their behavioral activities. Fish
mortality was recorded at a regular interval. The raw data so generated for
the purpose of estimation of median lethal concentration of test chemical
copper sulphate II were fed in software of Trimmed
spearman Karber method. The values for
different exposure period along with their 95% upper and lower confidence
limits were obtained. Keywords: Median lethal concentration (LC50), Trimmed
Spearman Karber Method, copper sulphate,
Toxicity test |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 325-328
(2018) Toxicity evaluation of linear alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) on liver of fishes Abha Trivedi*1 and Kamlesh K. Yadav2 1Department of Animal Science M.J.P.Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly-243006 1Department of Zoology, Government Degree College,
Bakkha khera, Unnao-209801 *Corresponding author e-mail: abha14sep@gmail.com Paper received: 16.08.18 , Revised received: 11.11.18, Paper
Accepted: 15.11.18, Category: Review Article |
Abstract: Contamination of aquatic resources with different
kinds of pollutants has become a matter of concern over the past few decades.
Uncontrolled discharge of domestic waste into water bodies leads to
ecological risk from detergents that result into increased mortality rate of
aquatic flora and fauna. Detergents are one of the most common pollutants
found in all water bodies, entering through sewage outfalls. Linear
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) is the most widely
used anionic surfactant having enormous application in formulation of
household cleaning products (dishwashing liquids, and laundry detergent),
personal care goods, textile and food industries.
The surfactants contribute as the major ingredient of a detergent used for
cleaning purposes. Fishes are the main sufferer of detergent pollution as
they acquire top position in aquatic food chain. Histopathological
changes have widely been used as biomarkers in the assessment of the health
of fishes exposed to contaminants. Liver is a very important organ as it is
responsible for accumulation and biotransformation of xenobiotics
in the fish and serve as warning signs of damage to
fish health. Keywords: Fish, Liver,
LAS, Detergent |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 329-332
(2018) Application of remote
sensing for evaluating the wetland resources of Mohanlalganj area in Lucknow Mujeeb Akhter*1, Noorul Huda2 and Kafeel
Ahmad3 1GeologyDepartment, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, LDC Institute of Technical
Studies, Soraon, Allahabad-212502, India 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia
Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India *Corresponding author e-mail:
mujeeballahabad321@gmail.com Paper received: 07.07.18, Revised received: 15.11.18, Paper
Accepted: 19.11.18, Category: Original Article |
Abstract: Remote
sensing is the science of acquiring information, detecting, analyzing, and
monitoring the physical characteristics of an area, water body, object or
phenomenon without any physical contact with the target under study with the
use of a geographical information system (GIS). This technique has potential
applications in watershed management like water resource mapping and mapping
of waterlogged areas. In this study we present the application of this
technique for evaluating the wetland water resources of the Mohanlalganj area of Lucknow district. Keywords: Remote
sensing, GIS, wetlands, water resource |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (12) 333-337
(2018) Use of wetland resources
of Mohanlalganj administrative division for solving
water crisis in urban areas of Lucknow: A model study on utilization of wetland
resources as a remedy for water deficient areas Mujeeb Akhter*1, Noorul Huda2 and Gauher Mahmood3 1GeologyDepartment, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, LDC Institute of Technical
Studies, Soraon, Allahabad-212502, India 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia
Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India *Corresponding author e-mail:
mujeeballahabad321@gmail.com Paper received: 09.07.18, Revised received: 03.11.18, Paper
Accepted: 08.11.18, Category: Original Article |
Abstract: The present
work deals with the utilization of excess available water present in the
wetlands adjacent to city of Lucknow to address the problem of depletion of
ground water and the consequent water scarcity in the urban areas of Lucknow.
It was observed that the water level of pre- and post-monsoon period in the Mohanlalganj and Gosainganj
areas is 0 to 2 m below ground level. As a result of the high water table
large parts of Mohanlalganj administrative division
are affected by the problem of water-logging. This study has been designed to
solve the r problem of water scarcity in Lucknow city by transferring excess
water from water logged areas of Mohanlalganj tehsil, thus also addressing the problem of water logging
in Mohanlalganj
administrative division. The proposed study can serve as a potentially viable
and sustainable solution for addressing the problem of water scarcity due to
ground water depletion in an area by sourcing water from adjacent areas with
surplus ground water resources. Keywords: Wetland,
ground water, water scarcity, water resources, Lucknow |