RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-11, Number: 4 (April), 5 (May), 6 (June) -
2018
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24. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11(4) 109-115
(2018) Phytomediated
synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by using Rhus parviflora Roxb.
leaf extract and their biological activity
Deepak
Patel1, Harish Chandra2* and J.S. Jangwan1 1Department of Chemistry, 2 Deparment of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research
Centre,H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar, Garhwal-246174,
Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
hreesh5@gmail.com Paper received: 11.03.18; Revised received:
29.03.18; Paper Accepted: 03.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
present study was conducted to synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticle from the
medicinally important high altitude medicinal plant Rhus parviflora
which is known to have many uses in traditional system of medicine. The
present investigation was carried out by taking leaf extract of R.
parviflora and reacted with zinc acetate dehydrate. X ray diffraction
(XRD), SEM (Scanning Electron microscopy) and FT-IR (Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy) were used for the characterization of synthesized
nanoparticles. The wavelength specific UV-Vis absorption peaks for ZnO
nanoparticles were recorded at 340 nm which confirmed the synthesized
particle in nano scale. The obtained Nano powder was tested for their
antimicrobial activity against uropathogens and some standard strain of
pathogenic bacteria. The synthesized ZnO NPs are active against only two
bacterial species i.e. Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus and no
activity has been recorded against rest of the pathogenic bacteria. The synthesized
ZnO NPs was also tested for their antioxidant potential and it is found to
have moderate antioxidant properties.. Keywords ZnO
NPs, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, XRD, SEM |
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25. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (4) 116-121
(2018) Evaluation
of botanicals with cow urine against yellow stem borer in paddy Ahilandeswari.
K* and Uma Maheswari, N PG and Research Department of Microbiology,
Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Women’s College, Sundarakkottai,
Mannargudi-614 016, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
ahilamicro23@gmail.com Paper received: 05.03.18; Revised received:
24.03.18; Paper Accepted: 04.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas is regarded as most
dominant and destructive pest species in rice. For this reason, relative
toxicity of certain natural herbal extract viz., Azatirachta indica,
Adhatoda zeylanica, Pongamia pinnata, Ricinus communis, Acorus calamus
with Cow urine was evaluated against the adult moths and larvae of Yellow
Stem Borer at seedling (20 DAS) and tiller stage (20 DAT) by artificial
release into rice pots sprayed with herbal pesticides. At seedling stage,
lower per cent of moth survival was recorded in Azatirachta indica and
Mixed botanicals (33.33%) as compared to untreated control (77.77%). In
tiller stage also, significant reduction of moth survival was found with Azatirachta
indica (33.33%) followed by Mixed botanicals (44.44%). Percent Dead Heart
was calculated by observing larvae damage and it shows the pest control
ability of these botanicals in rice and superior effect was obtained with
mixed botanicals. All the treatments were found to be significantly different
from untreated control at both stages of crop. Also, the positive influence
of cow urine in pest control and plant growth regulation was confirmed. The
result showed minimum occurrence of pest attack and percent Dead Heart in
response to herbal pesticides with cow urine treatment in the rice variety of
ADT 43. Hence it is recommended to use this bio pesticide for organic
cultivation of rice. Keywords Cow
urine, Mixed botanicals, Moths survival, Yellow Stem Borer, Percent Dead
Heart |
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26. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (4) 122-129
(2018) Ameliorative potential of Withania somnifera
(‘Ashwagandha’) against water borne hexavalent chromium induced genotoxicity
in a fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793): A study based on
chromosomal aberrations Rajesh
Prasad and Sunil P. Trivedi* Environmental Toxicology &
Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow,
Lucknow-226007, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
sat060523@gmail.com, trivedi_sp@lkouniv.ac.in Paper received: 01.03.18; Revised received:
28.03.18; Paper Accepted: 03.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract To
explore the efficacy of ethanolic extract of root powder of Withania
somnifera (‘Ashwagandha’) against chromium tri-oxide (Cr6+)
induced chromosomal aberrations 15 days laboratory acclimatized fish, C.
punctatus (12.20 ± 1.29 cm, 42 ± 2.01 gm) were maintained in six groups.
Group I, served as control and fishes of groups II and III were exposed
separately with extract of W. somnifera (3 mg/L) and LC50/10
of Chromium trioxide (7.89 mg/L), respectively for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of
exposure periods. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in group III was
recorded significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to control. In
contrast, in groups IV, V and VI, where fishes were exposed simultaneously
with sub lethal test concentration of Cr (VI) and extract of W. somnifera
(1, 2, 3 mg/L, respectively), a decreasing trend in the frequency of chromosomal
aberrations was recorded in comparison to group III after 24 , 48 , 72 and 96
h of exposure periods. Thus, it can be inferred that extract of W.
somnifera holds enough ameliorative potential against Cr (VI) induced
chromosomal aberrations in C. punctatus, in laboratory microcosms. Keywords Chromium,
Withania somnifera (‘Ashwagandha’), Chromosomal aberrations,
genotoxicity, C. punctatus |
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27. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (4) 130-134
(2018) Biosynthesis, characterization and application of chitin
nanoparticle with Adhatoda vasica Bhuvaneswari
D & PriyaIyer* PG and Research Department of
Biotechnology, Women‘s Christian College, Chennai- 60006, India *Corresponding
author e-mail: brajuraj@yahoo.com Paper received: 09.03.18; Revised received:
25.03.18; Paper Accepted: 02.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Aqueous
and Ethanol extraction of Adhatoda vasica leaves were used in
phytochemical analysis. Chitin was extractedfrom prawn shells by chemical
method. Then chitin with silver nanoparticle was produced along with leaves
extract. The present study was used to investigate anti- microbial, anti-
inflammatory, anti- coagulant, thrombolytic activity, anti-larvae and
anti-oxidant activity. Keywords Biosynthesis,
chitin nanoparticle, Adhatoda vasica, phytochemical |
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28. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (4) 135-138
(2018) Responses of salt stress on physiological and biochemical
activity of short duration salt tolerant rice genotype CSR 43 Dhananjaya
Singh1*, Anuradha Singh2 and Y. P. Singh1 1Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,
Regional Research Station, Lucknow-226005, India 2Department of
Botany, Meerut College of Meerut-250001(UP), India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
dsingh_06@yahoo.co.in Paper received: 10.03.18; Revised received:
30.03.18; Paper Accepted: 08.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
effect of salt stress on physiological and biochemical activity of short
duration salt tolerant rice genotype CSR 43 was study in different levels of
sodicity viz., Control, pH9.2, 9.4 and 9.8 and thirty- five day old seedling
was transplanted as per treatments. Observations were recorded proline, MDA,
peroxidase activity (POD) and SOD content was determined at vegetative and
flowering stages. The result showed that sodicity increased leaf POD,
proline, and MAD content in leaf at both stages. The reduction of POD, proline
and MAD content in leaf was higher in pH 9.8 at both vegetative and flowering
stage. Keywords Rice,
POD, SOD, Proline, MDA, Sodicity |
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29. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (5) 139-143
(2018) Elemental profiling of Acorus calamus Linn from
different altitudes of Uttarakhand Pinky
Chaubey1, Archana Parki1, Om Prakash1*,
Ravendra Kumar1, Sonal Tripathi2 and A.K. Pant1 1Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and
Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-
263 145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Agricultural Chemistry &
Soil Science, NM College of Agriculture, Navsari Agriculture University,
Dandi Road, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
oporgchem@gmail.com, pinkychaubey991@gmail.com Paper received: 31.03.18; Revised received:
18.04.18; Paper Accepted: 26.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract All
the elements such as various major, minor and trace elements are important
for determining the capability of medicinal plants in treating various
diseases and to understand their pharmacological action. Present study
describes the trace and major nutritional elements of Acorus calamus
leaf and rhizomes collected from twenty different ecological niches of
Uttarakhand. A total of 14 elements were tested for their presence in leaves
and rhizomes of A. calamus by using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Among tested elements Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, P, Ca, K, Mg and Na were
present in all the collections in varying amount. Cobalt (Co) was absent in
all the collection, Cd (0.2ppm) could be detected only in Gairsen collection,
however Ni was present only in Sararikhet (20 ppm), Paithani (2.0ppm), Chaukhutiya
(34.0ppm), Jadaukhand (2.0ppm), Someshwar (10.0ppm) and Palpur (10.0ppm)
respectively. Khedagaon collection revealed maximum concentration of Fe
(2664.5 ppm in leaf, 13507.4 in rhizomes) Similarly in Kotsari collection the
Fe content was 14062.6 ppm in rhizome and 469.3 ppm in leaf). This collection
also contained maximum Zn content (741.8 ppm) in rhizome. From above it can
be inferred that the indigenous herb A. calamus can be a good natural
source of nutritional elements besides its medicinal applications. Keywords Acorus calamus; elements;
medicinal plants; trace |
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30. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (5) 144-151
(2018) Quantitative evaluation of mangoes (Mangifera Indica
L.) In temperate areas of North-East India Sanjay Kumar*1 and Asikho
Kiso2 1Department of Botany, BHU, Varanasi; 2Department
of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland. India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
ksanjay79@gmail.com Paper received: 03.04.18; Revised received:
25.04.18; Paper Accepted: 27.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
mango tree genotypes (~100) were randomly selected and measured their height
and girth. Also, radius and diameter of the trees were derived from girth using
standard formulas. The total phenotypic (VP) and genotypic (VG)
variation was observed high (927.29) and equal (VP= VG)
as well as purely due to genetic constitution (VE=0, VG×E=0
and E=0) for height (H2=1.000) of mango genotypes. The regression
coefficients were recorded high towards height (67.6%) and diameter (100%) of
the mango trees. The principle component analysis extracted the component
height and shared maximum (93.512%) of total variation among the trees. The
variations for other parameters were recorded partly genetic and partly
environmental effect. The height and girth was placed in two different
co-ordinates while radius and diameter placed in same coordinate. The new
combination of height (Allele HH/hh) was recorded (0.32HH: 0.49Hh: 0.19hh)
among mango trees genotypes. Keywords Mangifera species,
phenotypic variation, genotypic variation, Allele frequency |
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31. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (5) 152-154
(2018) Effect of petroleum sludge on plant growth under sandy soil
condition: A preliminary study R.
Maharana, P.P Sahu, and N.K. Dhal Environment and Sustainability Department,
CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751013,
Odisha, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
rojalimaharana111@gmail.com Paper received: 06.04.18; Revised received:
28.04.18; Paper Accepted: 30.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract In
this study, we carried out a pot experiment to investigate the effect of
petroleum sludge with biochar derived from Vigna mungo waste (VMW) on the
growth and biochemical activities of Zea mays L. and Tagetes
patula L. under sandy soil condition. Petroleum sludge was mixed at the
rate equivalent to 0, 20, 60 and 100g per kg of sandy soil. Another pot
having only biochar with sandy soil taken for comparative study. Biochar is
characterized by a large surface area and a high porosity, Owing to its
properties, its amendment to contaminated soils has been considered for the immobilization
of organic and inorganic contaminants. Results of the study indicated that
petroleum sludge contains some important plant nutrients which when amended
with biochar signiûcantly enhance the plants growth. This indicates the
beneficial effects of biochar and petroleum sludge for increasing the mineral
concentration and fertility of sandy soil. Furthermore, the contaminant
reduction by biochar from petroleum sludge need to be investigated in more
detail before large scale application. Keywords Sandy
soil, Petroleum sludge, Soil amendment, Plant growth |
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32. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (5) 155-160
(2018) Typhoid malaise in North Indian city Saharanpur (U.P.): A case study Kuldeep Rana1, Neha Wal1
and Harish Chandra2* 1Department of Microbiology, Mewar University, Gangraar,
Chittorgarh-312901, Rajasthan, India 2Department of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research
Centre, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar,
Garhwal-246174 (Uttarakhand), India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
hreesh5@gmail.com Paper received: 01.04.18; Revised received:
29.04.18; Paper Accepted: 01.05.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Enteric
fever Typhoid is endemic in Indian subcontinent and is of utmost medical
concern. Surveillance study was carried particularly in Western Part of Uttar
Pradesh Saharanpur City for three consecutive years i.e., 2012-13, 2013-14
and 2014-15. The trends of positive cases as found in the present study was
Female > Males > Children following a decreasing trend in the years
viz., 2012-13 > 2013-14 > 2014-15 however; number of positive males
were comparatively more. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhi have
also been observed to follow a decreasing trend as reappearance of
sensitivity against antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin. The
overall study show, which proper surveillance and mass awareness programmes
are desperately, required in the region as reappearance of sensitivity show a
ray of hope but having no difference as the resistance gene is still in
environment. Keywords typhoid; surveillance, antimicrobials, resistance,
sensitivity |
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33. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (5) 161-164
(2018) Effect of chromium on morphological parameter of spinach and
defend the damage by using zinc, potassium and iron Kamlesh
Nath*1, Brijendra Pratap Singh2, Dharam Singh3
and Y.K. Sharma2 1Environment Control Systyem, A.R.P. Ltd. Lucknow,
226012, India 2Department of Botany, University of Lucknow,
Lucknow-226007, India 3Department of
Environmental Science, I.B.S.B.T., C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur-208002, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
nathkamlesh@rediffmail.com Paper received: 11.03.18; Revised received:
21.04.18; Paper Accepted: 26.04.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
effect of chromium on morphological parameter of spinach. Leaf area, fresh
weight and dry weight of leaves significantly increased in 0.5 ppm and 2 ppm
chromium and then decreased in 5 ppm and 10 ppm chromium. The moisture %
decreased as chromium concentration increased. In all parameters the decrease
was significant at higher doses. Fresh weight and dry weight were higher when
10 ppm of zinc sulphate and 25 ppm of potassium sulphate and iron sulphate
when combinedly used with 10 ppm of chromium. The accumulation of chromium,
zinc, potassium and iron in spinach leaf treated with different
concentrations of chromium. The chromium accumulation in leaf was increased
with increase in chromium concentration. The zinc accumulation was decreased
with increase of chromium concentration. In recovery treatments they were
higher with 25 ppm of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate and potassium sulphate
except potassium which was increased on 25 ppm of potassium sulphate when
combinedly used with 10 ppm of chromium. Keywords Chromium,
Spinach, Heavy metal, Zinc, Potassium, Iron |
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34. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (6) 165-171
(2018) Water quality evaluation of River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India by
physico-chemical and microbiological analysis Krishnakumar
B. Vaghela*, Devangee P. Shukla and Nayan K. Jain Department
of Life science, School of science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India, *Corresponding
author e-mail:
kbvaghela.11@gmail.com Paper received: 08.05.18; Revised received:
29.05.18; Paper Accepted: 02.06.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Sabarmati
is one of the major river in Gujarat. An attempt has been made to develop
water quality index (WQI), using physico-chemical and microbiological
analysis at five different sites namely Karai Dam, Gandhi Bridge, Vasna-narol
Bridge, Miroli Pumping station and Vautha along the Sabarmati river basin
from the year 2017 to 2018. The values of parameters were compared with
environmental standards and specifically surface water quality standards as
per IS: 2296-1982. The sites located in highly urban area showed the worst
water quality followed by the station located in moderately urban area and
lastly station located in a moderately rural area. It was observed that the
main cause of deteriorationin water quality was due to the high anthropogenic
activities, illegal discharge of sewage and industrial effluent, lack of
proper sanitation, unprotected river sitesand urban runoff.The study revealed
that there was indication of pollution in the river and hence preventive
measures are required to avoid further deterioration of the river water
quality. Keywords Physico-chemical
analysis, microbiological analysis,Sabarmati river, water quality index |
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35. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (6) 172-176
(2018) Antibacterial potential of green synthesized zinc
nanoparticles of Morinda citrifolia L. against uropathogens Sudhir
Joshi1, Deepak Patel2,Harish Chandra3 and
S.C. Bhatt1 1Department of Physics, 2Department of
Chemistry 3Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, HAPPRC, H.
N. B. Garhwal University ( A Central University) , Srinagar, Garhwal-246174,
Uttarakhand India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
hreesh5@gmail.com Paper received: 11.05.18; Revised received:
01.06.18; Paper Accepted: 04.06.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Nanoscience
or nanotechnology may contribute to medical science due its wide application
in immunotechnology or diagnostic and cancer therapy. The present study was
carried out to synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticle with the help of green
synthesis method i.e. phytomediated. The synthesized NPs was characterized by
UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction method, Scanning Electrom
Microscopy with EDX and it was found that average size of synthesized
nanoparticle was 31.92 nm. The synthesized ZnO NPs was tested against six
bacterial uropathogens in which three are Gram negative and three strains are
Gram positive bacteria. Out of six tested bacteria two bacterial isolate does
not shown activity toward synthesized ZnO NPs. However, the synthesized ZnO
NPs were found active against S. typhi (10.0 ±0.0 mm), Klebsiella
pneumoniae (12.0±0.1 mm), S. aureus (17.0±0.2 mm) and B. cereus
(15.0 ±0.5 mm). Keywords Nanoscience,
antibacterial, M. citrifolia |
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36. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (6) 177-181
(2018) Morphological and antioxidant responses of Suaeda monoica on
phytoextraction of paper mill effluent Zakir
Hussain Malik and K. C. Ravindran* Phytoremediation
Lab, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai
Nagar – 608 002, India, *Corresponding
author e-mail:
drkc_ravi@rediffmail.com Paper received: 03.05.18; Revised received:
28.05.18; Paper Accepted: 01.06.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Environmental
pollution by heavy metals and salinity is a serious problem worldwide,
increasing in parallel with the development of human technology. The present
study aimed to examine the response of halophytic species Suaeda monoica
to oxidative stress posed by paper mill effluent. Plants have been grown for
120 days with an irrigation solution of 250 ml of 75% raw paper mill
effluent. The results showed that the plant growth and antioxidant activities
were increased with the accumulation of heavy metal concentrations from paper
mill effluent treated soil. Survey results indicated that shoot length, total
number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly
increased in Suaeda monoica cultivated in paper mill effluent treated
soil. Similarly increased level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,
peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were also
observed which reflects the level of tolerance and detoxification strategy of
halophyte against heavy metal and salinity. The results suggest that Suaeda
monoica adapts to heavy metals and salts with better growth and
antioxidant defense and can be utilised in the phytoextraction of heavy
metals from paper mill effluent contaminated areas. Keywords Paper
mill effluent, Heavy metals, Suaeda monoica, Morphology, Antioxidant |
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37. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (6) 182-185
(2018) Effect of tannery effluent on pigments of spinach and recovery
by using zinc, potassium and iron Kamlesh Nath1, B. P. Singh2, M. K. Soni2,
Dharam Singh3 and Y.K. Sharma2 1E.C.S., A.R. P. Ltd. Lucknow, 226012, India 2Department of Botany, University of Lucknow,
Lucknow-226007, India 3Department of
Environmental Science, I.B.S.B.T., C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur-208002, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
nathkamlesh@rediffmail.com Paper received: 23.04.18; Revised received:
26.05.18; Paper Accepted: 29.05.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Experiment
shows effect of tannery effluent treatment on chlorophyll content of spinach
at 45th and 90th day. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll
‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ decreased gradually from control to 100% tannery
effluent at both 45th and 90th day. In recovery
treatment 25 ppm of potassium sulphate and iron sulphate caused higher
chlorophyll contents both at 45th and 90th day. While
10 ppm of zinc sulphate and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate also induced higher
chlorophyll at 45th and 90th day respectively.
Pheophytin (Total, ‘a’ and ‘b’) and total carotenoid content decreased at 45th
and 90th day as the tannery effluent concentration increased. In
recovery treatments pheophytin (Total, ‘a’ and ‘b’) and total carotenoids
were higher in 25 ppm of zinc sulphate, iron sulphate and potassium sulphate
at 45th and 90th day. Keywords Chlorophyll,
Pheophytin, Carotenoids, Tannery effluent, zinc, iron and potassium |
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38. |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 11 (6) 186-188
(2018) Effect
of salinity stress on productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) Naheed Siddiqui* and M. Singh Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow-
226007 (U.P.), India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
drnaheedlohani@gmail.com Paper received: 12.04.18; Revised received:
19.05.18; Paper Accepted: 22.05.18; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
differential salinity levels (50, 100 and 150 mM) have down regulated
acquisition of total number of flowers emerged, pods formed and also seed
numbers. The salinity has also reduced pod formation process which has
resulted eventually in the form of loss of total number of seeds at maturity.
The variety PS-1241 somehow has been responding in a superior way with the
reflection on lower losses in flower number emerged, pods formed and seeds
found at maturity compared to others. The loss in flower emergence was
detected from 11 - 28%, 10- 33% and 16-38% in case treated with lower (50 mM)
and higher (150 mM) saline solutions. The variety PS-1241 had shown an edge
over rest of the two varieties in relation to floral emergence, pod formation
process followed by seed setting during salinity stress. Keywords Salinity,
Soybeans, Flowering, seed setting, pods formation, Nacl, saline soil |