RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-12, Number-2, April, 2019
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12(2) 45-48
(2019) Genetic
divergence analysis on wheat cultivars
Shomendra Singh1, Lallan
Prasad*1 and R.R.Singh2 1B.S.N.V.P.G.College, Botany Department, Lucknow-226001, India 2Lucknow University, Botany Department, Lucknow-226007, India *Corresponding author e-mail: lallanbsnv@gmail.com Paper received: 05.01.19; Revised received: 20.02.19 Paper Accepted: 23.02.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract An
investigations was carried out with 50 wheat genotypes to assess the genetic
diversity for yield related traits. The cluster analysis of 50 wheat
genotypes were categorized were grouped into 8 clusters. The inter cluster
distances ranged from 204.989 -566.83. The maximum genetic distance was
observed between cluster VII and VI (23.808). The intra cluster distance was
lowest (13.587) in cluster VI and highest (47.757) in cluster in II. The
hybrids of genotype with maximum distance resulted in high yield and thus
cross between the genotypes from cluster VII and VI can be used to achieve
maximum heterosis The minimum distance between the genotypes of
cluster VI and II (3.686) which can be used for back crossing programs. Keywords Diversity,
wheat, genotype, genetic diversity, cluster and D2 |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 49-51
(2019) Optimization of bio-diesel
production from Jatropha oil by changing temperature,
methanol and catalyst concentration Vikas Kumar1, Anubhav Singh1
and Avadhesh Mishra2 1Amity Univ., Gomtinagar, Lucknow, India 2Biotechnology Educational & Research
Institute, Gomtinagar, Lucknow-226010, India *Corresponding author e-mail: vikas3881@gmail.com Paper received: 22.12.18; Re-revised received: 17.03.19 Paper Accepted: 19.03.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
seed extracted from the plant contains 27-40% oil. The oil extracted from the
seed was taken for the transesterification and further it was optimized by
changing the amount of catalyst used. Three different types of combinations
were tried for the production of biodiesel i.e. Optimization of
biodiesel production from Jatropha oil by changing methanol concentration,
Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha oil by changing the
catalyst concentration and Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha
curca Ls oil by change of temperature. The best biodiesel was obtained in
the ratio 1: 4 in which 0.1gm of catalyst, 40ml methanol was used. For the
quality of the biodiesel the acid value was found to be 3.13. Keywords Jatropha
curcas L.,
biodiesel, transesterifi-cation, methanol, catalyst and Acid value |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 52-56
(2019) A preliminary study of
species diversity and community structure of avian fauna of Karingali
wetlands – Kerala Vinod, P.*1, Ananthakrishnan,
K.1 and Divya, P.S.2 1Postgraduate
and Research Department of Zoology, N.S.S. College, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta,
Kerala, 689 501 2Department
of aquatic Biology and fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala, 695 581 India *Corresponding author e-mail: vinod 7175@yahoo.co.in Paper received: 03.01.19; Revised received: 06.02.19 Paper Accepted: 09.02.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract This is the first report on avian diversity in and
around Karingali wetlands region of Alappuzha district in kerala. Karingali
wetlands are located between9°12’57.6"N 76°38’51.9"E with a total
area of 1555.8 acres. Total 5 sites were selected for study of avianfauna and
the study period was from March 2015 to May 2015. Observation were made on
foot, during evening time between 4 pm to 6 pm during weekend aided by a
30x25 Comet binoculars for observation and a Canon EOS 1200d camera with
55-250 mm lens for capturing pictures. A line transect method was used for
bird counting. During the study period, a total of 56 avian species were
identified. From this study it was observed that Karingali wetlands support a
huge bird biodiversity. Hence continues monitoring of this avian fauna and
protection of the Karingali wetland will provide a sustainable habitat of the
avian community. Keywords Avifauna,
Karingali wetlands, species diversity, community structure |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 57-61 (2019) Effect of salinity on
productivity (pods fresh and dry mass) in soybean (Glycine max L.) Naheed
Siddiqui* Rajat P.G. College, Kamta, Lucknow India *Corresponding author e-mail: drnaheedlohani@gmail.com Paper received: 22.12.18; Re-revised received: 12.02.19 Paper Accepted: 16.02.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Soil
water salinity can affect physical properties of the soil by causing fine
particles to bind together into aggregates. This process is known as flocculation
and is beneficial in terms of soil aeration, root penetration, and root
growth. Although, increasing soil solution salinity has a positive effect on
soil aggregation and stabilization to enhance lethal effects on plant’s
health. The agricultural use of saline water or soils is an important
approach in the management of saline wastelands and saline water. The study
was performed for the screening of growth behaviours of various soybean
genotypes under salinity stress. The acquisition of pods and their fresh mass
was recorded in due course of salinity in relation to salinity levels. The
data have indicated towards susceptibility of cultivars in retaining
economically important parts i.e., pods in relation to its fresh
biomass which seems to be directly correlated with plant productivity. The
percentage reduction in pods biomass was found more with variety PS-1092. The
loss was found ca. 32, 35, 38 and 40 % incase treated with higher level (150
mM) of salinity within a time period of 60-105 days. These levels of
reduction were ca. 26-28% in PS-1241. However, PS-1042 has shown even higher
levels of reduction in pod fresh biomass in comparison to PS-1241 slightly
higher and significantly lower in comparison to PS-1092. Keywords Salinity,
Soybeans, Pods, Productivity, Stress |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 62-66
(2019) Effect of growth regulators (BA and IAA) at flowering stage in
cucumber Yogendra Kumar Singh and Gopal Tiwari Department of Botany, University of
Lucknow, Lucknow-226001, India *Corresponding author e-mail: yogi.251976@gmail.com Paper received: 28.12.18; Revised received: 15.02.19 Paper Accepted: 20.02.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
changes in morphological parameters pertaining to flowering in cucumber under
the influence of combination of growth regulators are explored in the
experiment. The days to anthesis of male flowers decreased gradually over
control when increasing concentration of only BA was applied at seed
germination stage (DW given at flowering). While this decline in days to
anthesis of male flowers was even more when BA was applied at both seed
germination stage as well as at the time of flowering, the application of IAA
at flowering stage (and BA applied at seed germination stage) led to an
increase in this parameter over control. However this increase in the days to
anthesis of male flowers on the application of IAA was gradually reduced when
the concentration of BA at the stage of seed germination was increased.
Keeping with the same trend, the average nodal position of first male flower
was reduced significantly when only BA was applied while it increased when
IAA was sprayed at flowering time; however in no case this value exceeded the
control value (5.2). In contrast, the application of BA increased the average
nodal position of first female flower, the increment being more prominent
when BA was given at both seed germination and flowering stage than when it
was given at only former stage. The pollen fertility, though, was reduced as
compared to control in all the treatments, the least value being recorded in
the case of 50 µM BA at seed germination and 100 mgL-1 IAA at the
time of flowering (70.08). Keywords Male
Flower, Female Flowers, Pollen Fertility, BA, IAA |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 67-70
(2019) Study of defense mechanism
against salinity stress in maize and gram plant and restoration by ascorbate Manoj Kumar Soni Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture,
Rehmankhera, Lucknow, India *Corresponding author e-mail: manojsoni_lko@yahoo.com Paper received: 12.01.19; Re-Revised received: 14.02.19 Paper Accepted: 18.02.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
activity of various antioxidative enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide
dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) and total protein
and sugar contents in maize and gram plants were significantly altered on
NaCl treatment in the experiment. At 18 days the activity of antioxidative
enzymes - SOD, GR and APOx were found to be significantly increased in both
plants with increasing concentration of NaCl signifying that antioxidative
defense mechanism in plants is very much operative. At 8 weeks activities of
other antioxidative enzymes- catalase and peroxidase also showed similarly
trend in both plants. The activities of catalase and peroxidase were 108.0
and 40.10, respectively in control, which enhanced to 156.0 and 49.30 at 200
mM NaCl in maize, while in gram plant activities of catalase and peroxidase
were 140.0 and 56.02, respectively in control, it picked to 160.0 and 68.22
at 200 mM NaCl. The stress by NaCl was clearly exhibited in reduced protein
and sugar contents of both plants. The addition of ascorbate at 15 days
minimized this stress caused by NaCl. The less damage in presence of
ascorbate was evident in a decreased activity of total SOD, GR and APOx. The
less salinity damage in presence of ascorbate was evident in the form of a
decreased activity of SOD, GR and APOx. The other antioxidative enzymes-
catalase and peroxidase have shown the similar reduction in activity on
ascorbate treatment. This repair by ascorbate led to an increase in total
protein and sugar contents as well in both plants. At 50 mM NaCl total
protein and sugar contents were 93.67 and 6.04 respectively and addition of
ascorbate increased them to 94.60 and 6.06 in maize plant, while in gram
plant total protein and sugar contents were 115.1 and 6.88 respectively and
addition of ascorbate increased them to 118.9 and 7.04 respectively showing
recovery effect of ascorbate. Keywords Maize, Gram,
NaCl, Salinity stress, SOD, GR and APOx, ascorbate, catalase and Peroxidase |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 71-74
(2019) Study of land use pattern
of Lucknow city, India using GIS and google
earth’s satelite data Mayank Pushkar*1, Ratna
Katiyar1 and H.P.S Rathore2 Department of Environmemtal Science,
Univeristy of Lucknow, Lucknow-226001, India; 2CPCB, Lucknow,
India *Corresponding author e-mail: mayank8886@gmail.com Paper received: 27.12.18; Revised received: 05.03.19 Paper Accepted: 09.03.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Urbanization
affects land changes through the transformation of urban-rural linkages. A
rapid urbanization process with a simultaneous significant development in
economy, industrialization and tremendous immigration, has augmented
considerable land use change in the latest decades. Inability of the planning
machinery to visualize problem area of sprawl and its growth is persistent
with the lack of appropriate spatial information and indicators. Lopsided development
activities have led to large-scale deforestation and about 30 percent of land
has become barren or unproductive. The problems of urban spread out, loss of
open vegetation and a general decline in environmental quality can be
generally attributed to increasing population concentrating more people on
less land even as the total land devoted to urbanization expands. In past few
years the Lucknow city has spread itself encroaching nearby areas enhancing
the consumption of various natural resources. The total 335.875 sq Kilometer
(82996.6 acres) area was covered under this study, in which green belt area
was around 80.528 sq Kilometer. Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is
fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various
competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human
population and economic growth. Land use pattern qt any given time is
determined by several factors including size of human and livestock
population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural
traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like
ownership pattern and rights and state regulation. The land use pattern
besides having economic implications has also important ecological dimensions,
which if ignored can have disastrous consequences. Keywords Urbanization, Land use pattern, Sprawl, Deforestation,
Environmental quality, Land cover |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 75-76
(2019) Endurance of Macrophomina
phaseolina in rhizosphere and diseased root pieces of moth bean Deepali Chaturvedi*1 and Savita Pareek2 1Department of Botany,University of
Lucknow,Lucknow-226007,India 2Department of Botany, Banasthali Vidhyapith-304022,India *Corresponding author e-mail: dr.deepalichaturvedi1@yahoo.com Paper received: 11.02.19; Revised received: 20.03.19 Paper Accepted: 24.03.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Soil
borne infection plays an important role in the annual perpetuation of a
number of plant pathogen. Root rot disease of moth induced by Macrophomina
phaseolina is reported to be soil borne in nature. Root rot of moth bean
(Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.)Marechal,is quite prevalent in the moth growing
areas of India. The pathogen infects the moth plant at all ages. The present
study was undertaken to study the survival of Macrophomina phaseolina.
Variability is the very basis of survival of the pathogen and it was observed
that the sclerotia were produced in collar region, symptoms were found to be
more prevalent at maturity stage as compared to initial, seedling and
flowering stages. Data reported here indicates that the sclerotia contribute
to death of infected plants. Keywords Macrophomina
phaseolina,
Root rot, Sclerotia, Survival, Rhizosphere |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 77-81
(2019) Effect of chromium on
biochemical activity of Spinacia
oleracea L. and on soil properties Dharam Singh*1 and Kamlesh
Nath2 1Department of Environmental Science, I.B.S.B.T., C.S.J.M.
University, Kanpur-208002, India; 2E.C.S., A.R.P. Ltd., Kanpur
road, Lko, India *Corresponding author e-mail: ds_envi@rediffmail.com Paper received: 05.01.19;Re-revised received: 19.03.19 Paper Accepted: 23.03.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
various concentrations of chromium 0.5, 2, 5 and 10ppm, solutions were
prepared in laboratory by using chromic acid and control (glass distilled
water) was taken for the study. For the recovery of plant damage, levels 10
and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), potassium sulphate (K2SO4) and iron
sulphate (FeSO4) were also prepared and added in 10ppm chromium solution.
Study shows the effect of chromium on total protein, total sugar, catalase
and peroxidase in spinach at 45th and 90th day. Total
protein and sugar was increased at low concentration of chromium and further
decreased in 10 ppm chromium. The catalase activity was found decreased at 0.5
to 2 ppm chromium and started to increase from 5 ppm onwards of chromium
while peroxidase was increased from 0.5 to 5 ppm chromium and decreased at 10
ppm of chromium. Peroxidase increased gradually with increased concentrations
of chromium. In recovery treatments sugar and catalase were observed higher
with 25 ppm of iron sulphate, potassium sulphate and 10 ppm of zinc sulphate
whereas protein and peroxidase were higher with 10 ppm of zinc sulphate and
iron sulphate and 25 ppm of potassium sulphate when combinedly used with 10
ppm chromium. The soil pH and EC was found increased with increase in
chromium concentration. CaCO3 and organic matter were found
decreased with increasing concentration of chromium while they started to
increase from 5 ppm chromium concentration onwards. Keywords Chromium,
Total protein, Total sugar, Catalase, Peroxidase, Spinach, Zinc, Iron and
Potassium |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 12 (2) 82-88
(2019) Nickel toxicity on maize (Zea mays L.) plant and amelioration through boron
and copper Shiv Shankar Yadav Environment specialist, Pro Poor
Development Project, U.P. Tourism Department, Mathura-281001, India *Corresponding author e-mail: shivluresearch@gmail.com Paper received: 05.02.19; Re-Revised received: 18.03.19 Paper Accepted: 26.03.19; Category: Original paper |
Abstract Maize
(Zea mays L. cv. KH 101) was grown in pots at ambient temperature
20-30°C. Final concentrations of nickel (200µM, 500µM, 1000µM) boron (150µM,
300µM) and copper (50µM, 100µM) were prepared in pure distilled water after
quantification of nickel, boron and copper as per percent availability in
NiSO4, HBO3, and CuSO4 compound. The
growth and biomass parameters in treated plant like plant height, number of
leaves, fresh and dry weights of plants were measured on 45 and 90 days after
sowing. Maize young leaves grew slowly in 500µM and 1000µM of Ni, the new
leaves were slightly chlorotic between leaf veins when plants were grown with
200µM, 500µM, 1000µM Ni for about 90 days. Visible Ni toxicity symptoms
appeared on shoots of maize when plants were grown with 500µM and 1000µM Ni
after only 45 days, and severe toxicity symptoms developed when plants were
grown with 500µM to 1000µM Ni within 90days. All growth and plant
productivity parameters decreased gradually from control to 1000µM of Ni at
45 and 90 days of observation. Increase concentration of Ni progressively
reduce fresh wt. and dry wt. at 45 and 90 days of observation except the dry
wt. of 200µM Ni on 45 days found greater value than control, 500µM Ni and
1000µM Ni. The number of seed/cob at excess Ni (500µM, 1000µM) also decreased
and reduction in cob length and number of seed/cob was more pronounced at
1000µM Ni supply. The soil pH value of control during harvesting stage was
7.01, whereas in 200µM, 500µM, 1000µM of Ni the pH value was greater than
control. The value of soil EC in 200µM, 500µM and 1000µM Ni treatment and
recovery treatment of B (150µM and 300µM) and Cu (50µM and 100µM) each with
500µM and 1000µM show lower value in pre-sowing stage then as compare to
harvesting stage. Keywords Maize (Zea mays L.), Nickel,
Boron, Copper, biomass, Fresh weight and Dry weight and Yield |