RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-13, Number-3, August, 2020
(A Multidisciplinary, Peer reviewed / Referred Research Journal
Concerned with Environment and Life Sciences)
(p-ISSN:
0974-4908)
Guest – Editor:
Dr. R.A. Singh, Prof. C.S. Azad University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India
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11 |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(3) 35-38
(2020) Air
pollution status of Lucknow city with remedial approach Mayank
Pushkar*1, Ratna Katiyar1 and
H.P.S Rathore2 Department
of Environmemtal Science, Univeristy of Lucknow, Lucknow-226001, India 2CPCB, Lucknow, India *Corresponding
author e-mail: mayank8886@gmail.com Paper received: 06.02.20, Revised received:
22.04.20 Paper
Accepted:
25.04.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract Due
to the rapid increase in population, transportation and development
activities of the city has created the stress on the existing infrastructure
and urban services, causing constrained living conditions, especially in the
older parts of the city. Air pollution has emerged as one of the most threatening
problems of twentieth century. Air pollution is no longer a problem of urban
centers but has pervaded to even remote areas. The changing trend of
urbanization and population growth has caused motorized traffic congestion
and air pollution; it is contributed higher level of air pollutants like SO2,
NO2, SPM and RSPM and other organic and inorganic pollutants
including trace metal, their adverse effects on human and environmental
health. The main source of air pollution in Lucknow is vehicular exhaust. The
main source of pollution is vehicular exhaust. In day time buses, tempos, two
wheelers and passenger cars and at night trucks and long distance buses are
the main sources of pollution. Major source of pollution in the area is
diesel engine driven vehicular traffic. In residential, commercial and
industrial areas the 24 hours Average data of Ambient Air Quality of Lucknow
particularly PM10 (Particulate matter size less than 10 microns)
were 197.81, 184.12 and 186.5 µg/m3 in all areas. In case of PM2.5
(Particulate matter size less than 2.5 microns) for 24 hours average
concentration were observed 84.47, 92.23 & 85.75 µg/m3. It is
clear from the data that the air pollution levels are increasing day by day
and the air quality index is getting worst. If do not take steps now, this
can be lead to severe consequences. Keywords: Air pollutants like SO2, NO2,
SPM and RSPM
organic and inorganic pollutants |
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12 |
Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(3) 39-44 (2020) Impact of open cast coal mining on ground water quality Satish
Kumar*1, Sadhana Chaurasia1 and Ravindra Singh2 1Department of Energy & Environment, 2Department
of Biological Science, Mahatma Gandhi ChitrakootGramodaya University,
Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) *Corresponding
author e-mail:
satishatr84@gmail.com Paper received: 02.01.20, Revised received:
20.05.20 Paper
Accepted:
27.05.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract Opencast
mining methods affect the environment constituents, especially water
resources, by discharging huge amounts of mine water. Physical impact of open
cast mining mainly results from silting in the surface water bodies.
Deterioration in drinking water quality is a serious human health issue due
to release both major and trace elements into the environment. All the
operations of mining, directly or indirectly require water for their
functioning. The fluctuation of temperature, pH and turbidity was recorded
from 22.3 to 31.20C, 6.5 to 7.5 and 0.1 to 0.6 NTU respectively.
Total hardness, TDS, TSS and alkalinity was found comparatively higher in
some samples, however the all sample values are under prescribed limits. Rich
level Dissolved oxygen (DO) >4 mg/l
was found in all samples. The range of calcium, Sulphate, magnesium and
fluoride is comparatively higher in 50% samples but also indicates the safer
values for uses. Chloride and Iron is also present under safe limit. Higher
values of water parameter, trace elements and heavy metals are most dangerous
pollutants due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. These
pollutants contaminated soils and water may reach human body at dangerous
level through agricultural products and bio-magnification process and causes
various diseases. Keywords: Open cast mining, water pollution, Trace metals, Heavy
metals, pH, TDS, and alkalinity |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(3) 45-48
(2020) Nickel toxicity on morphological and
biochemical parameters in Pisum sativum seedlings and recovery of
damage through iron A. Verma* Department
of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
adi_kobe@yahoo.co.in Paper received: 22.12.19, Revised received:
25.03.20 Paper
Accepted:
29.03.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract Metals
are easily taken up by roots and accumulated in plant tissues and causes
plant growth retardation, often accompanied with visible toxicity symptoms.
Pea (Pisum sativum) seeds were taken for the in-vitro petridish
experiment. The 200, 400 and 600 µM solution of Ni and 100 and 200 µM
solution of Fe were prepared separately. Combination of iron (100 and 200 µM)
with nickel (200, 400 and 600 µM), was also given for the recovery of damage
occurred in pea seedlings. Germination percentage, growth parameters and
enzymes activity were measured after 15 days of germination. Germination
percentage decreased with increase in the level of nickel in applied solution
from 88.88 % in control to 71.11%, 60.00%, 51.11% and 44.44% in 100 µM, 200
µM, 400 µM and 600 µM respectively. The combination iron (100 and 200 µM)
increased the germination when used with the higher concentration of nickel
200 µM, 400 µM and 600 µM. Plumule and radicle lengths, and number of lateral
roots also showed the decreased trend. In recovery treatments iron (100 and
200 µM) plumule and radicle lengths, and number of lateral roots showed
remarkable increase in comparison to alone nickel treatments. Maximum number
of lateral roots (8.26) was found in 200 µM iron treatment with 200 µM
nickel. Decreasing trend was observed in seed vigor index and growth relative
index. Fresh and dry matter yields were decreased as compared to control but
moisture percentage was lowest in 200 µM nickel in comparison to other nickel
concentrations. The parameters showed increase when iron (100 and 200 µM) was
applied with nickel (200, 400 and 600 µM). Total protein and sugar contents
were decreased with increasing concentration of nickel. In control total
protein and sugar contents were 382.35 and 5.75 µg/mg, further it decreases
to 375.28 and 5.50 in 100 µM Ni, 294.81 and 4.62 in 200 µM Ni, 219.05 and
3.16 in 400 µM Ni and 103.27 and 2.52 in 600 µM Ni. In recovery treatments of
iron (100 and 200 µM) were applied with 200 µM, 400 µM and 600 µM nickel,
protein contents were observed higher in case of iron recovery. Keywords: Pea, Nickel, Iron, SVI, GRI, Moisture %, Protein,
Sugar, Heavy metal toxicity, Recovery |
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Res. Environ.
Life Sci., 13(3) 49-53
(2020) Soybean (Glycine max L.) growth under salinity stress
condition Naheed Siddiqui* Rajat
P.G. College, Kamta, Lucknow India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
drnaheedlohani@gmail.com Paper received: 21.03.20, Revised received:
11.06.20 Paper
Accepted:
16.06.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
seeds were obtained from Crop Research Centre (CRC), G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar. The soil was prepared by mixing
compost and soil in 1:3 ratio and equal amount of soil was filled in each
pot. In the seedlings, saline water treatment was induced (Control, T1: 50,
T2: 100 and T3:150 mM). Saline solution for irrigation was prepared by using
sodium chloride (NaCl) which have the molecular weight of 58.44 g/mol. The
data indicates that loss in root fresh mass was shown by all three soybean
cultivars. The loss has been found in the range of 25-30% incase lower level
(50 mM) of salinity applied. Upon critical analysis the variety PS-1241 had
shown loss in root biomass in the range of 25-28% in comparison to PS-1042
which could reflect these losses ca. 28-33% and 30-37% as shown by PS-1092
incase lower level of salinity used for irrigation in due course of time
(60-105 days after salinity). The losses in root fresh mass were found in the
range of 52-65 % incase irrigated with higher level (150 mM) of salinity in
due course of time (60-105 days after treatment). Keywords: Salinity, Soybeans, Shoot and root mass, NaCl, saline
soil |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(3) 54-58
(2020) Effect of salinity on biochemical activities in maize and gram
plant and recovery of damage by ascorbate Manoj
Kumar Soni* Central
Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow,
India *Corresponding
author e-mail: manojsoni_lko@yahoo.com Paper received: 11.02.20, Revised received:
21.05.20 Paper
Accepted:
24.05.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract Petridish
and pot cultures were performed to study the salt stress by different
concentration of Sodium chloride (NaCl) on C3 (gram) and C4 (maize)
plants. Fifteen days seedlings were transferred in pots containing field soil
and farmyard manure (in 5:1 ratio) and treated with 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM
of NaCl kept under glass house conditions. In one set of each treatment 50 mM
ascorbic acid was added for recovery of damage. The two week old seedlings
showed remarkable decline in the activity of amylase (total, a and b) as the
salinity stress was increasedin maize. However, the activity of antioxidant
enzymes- peroxidase and catalase was significantly increased with increasing
salinity stress. The increase in stress caused a remarkable reduction in
total protein and sugar contents. Similarly sugar contents were reduced to
2.01 in 200 mM NaCl from 3.12 in control. The ascorbate treatment showed a
significant recovery from the damage caused by salinity stress. In 12 week old plants both catalase and
peroxidase activities were found to be increased with increase in salinity
stress. The stress also resulted in a decrease in total protein and sugar
contents. The activity of catalase peroxidase was reduced in ascorbate
treated plants as compared to untreated plants growing at same salinity
level. The protein and sugar content showed a remarkable gain e.g. the
catalase and peroxidase activity were 348.0 and 90.88 respectively in 200 mM
NaCl, which decreased to 312.0 and 79.28 in ascorbate treated plants of 200
mM NaCl. The two week old seedlings of gram showed remarkable decline in the
activity of amylase (total, a and b) as the salinity stress was increased.
The catalase and peroxidase activity was 208.0 and 40.80 respectively in
control which increased to 252.0 and 48.50 in 200 mM NaCl. The increased
stress caused a remarkable reduction in total protein and sugar contents.
Total protein in control was 106.9 but it decreased to 95.8, 79.2 and 70.9 in
50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. This recovery by ascorbate was further evident on
comparing total protein and sugar contents of ascorbate treated and untreated
seedlings. The catalase activity was 320.0 in control, which gradually
increased to 340.0, 362.0 and 386.0 in 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Similarly
peroxidase activity increased to 120.50 in 200 mM NaCl treatment from 98.40
of control. The stress also resulted in a decrease in total protein and sugar
contents. Keywords: Maize, Gram, NaCl, Salinity stress, SOD, GR and APOx,
ascorbate, catalase and Peroxidase |