RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-13, Number-4, November, 2020
(A Multidisciplinary, Peer reviewed / Referred Research Journal
Concerned with Environment and Life Sciences)
(p-ISSN:
0974-4908)
Guest – Editor:
Dr. R.A. Singh, Prof. C.S. Azad University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 59-61
(2020) Effect of growth regulators (BA at seed germination and BA and
IAA at flowering stage) on activity of IAA oxidase, PPO and peroxidase during
floral Induction in cucumber Yogendra
Kumar Singh* and Awadhesh Kumar Shukla Department
of Botany, K.S.Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, U.P. 224123, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia,
Avadh University, Ayodhya,
India *Corresponding
author e-mail: yogi.251976@gmail.com Paper received: 11.02.20, Revised received:
21.05.20 Paper
Accepted:
24.05.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract Seeds
of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), variety Jyoti Green Long, were
soaked in different concentration of BA (0.5 µM, 5.0 µM and 50.0 µM) in
petridishes, After giving the requisite treatment each petridish was supplied
with 5 ml GDW every day and nutrient solution every fifth day. After two
weeks five seedlings from each petridish were transplanted in pots filled
with field soil having farm yard manure in standard amount and placed under
normal conditions in wire house in RBD pattern. The plants was sprayed with
distilled water, BA (50µM) or IAA (100 mgL-1) respectively and
their development pattern up to anthesis was observed. The activity of IAA
oxidase consistently increased as compared to control when increasing
concentration of BA was applied at the seed germination stage. Thus a
significantly higher than control activity was observed in plants treated
with 50 µM BA only at seed germination stage (DW at flowering time), the
activity being 0.621 µg IAA oxidized /gm fresh weight/hr while in control it
was 0.541 µg IAA oxidized /gm fresh weight/hr. Application of 50 µM BA at the
time of flowering further increased the IAA oxidase activity, leading to an
activity of 0.639 µg IAA oxidized /gm fresh weight/hr when 50 µM BA was
applied at both stages, the seed germination
stage and before flowering, still significantly more than control.
Application of IAA at flowering time, however, lowered the activity of IAA
oxidase. The effect of BA and IAA was, however, similar to that observed
during pre-flowering stage. Similar to IAA oxidase, the application of BA
increased the activity of PPO also. Moreover this increase in the activity of
PPO on the treatment with BA showed a concentration dependent tendency.
However, opposite to IAA oxidase, IAA too enhanced the activity of PPO, even
more than that by BA in absolute values. The effect of BA and IAA was,
though, same as observed during pre-flowering stage. Thus significantly
increased activity of PPO was again recorded in all the three cases when DW,
50 µM BA and 100 mgL-1 IAA was given at the time of flowering
respectively while 50 µM BA was provided at seed germination stage in all the
three. Peroxidase activity showed a similar trend as PPO. The maximum
activity of peroxidase at pre-flowering stage was recorded in plants given 50
µM BA at seed germination stage and 100 mgL-1 IAA at the time of
flowering, the exact value of 36.42 DO.D./gm fresh weight being significantly
higher than control (23.94 DO.D./gm fresh weight). Keywords: Flowering,
cucumber, Activity of PPO, IAA oxidase
and peroxidase |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 62-64 (2020) Toxicity of heavy
metal (chromium) on growth and productivity and recovery of damage through
Zn, K and Fe B.P. Singh1, Kamlesh
Nath*2, Shailly Misra and Y. K. Sharma2 1Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Environmental
Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishawavidydyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur,
Chhattisgarh 2Department of
Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
nathkamlesh@gmail.com Paper received: 27.05.20, Revised received:
11.10.20 Paper
Accepted:
17.10.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract In
the pot experiment different concentrations of chromium were selected to know
the toxic effects on guar plant. As 2 ppm concentration of Cr+6 is
described as acceptable to the plant system and also standard for discharge
of treated tannery effluent therefore, low (0.5 ppm), high (5 ppm) and very
high (10 ppm) concentrations were selected. For the recovery of plant damage,
levels 10 and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), potassium sulphate
(K2SO4) and iron sulphate (FeSO4) were also
prepared and added in 10ppm Cr levels in separate pots. The growth of guar
plant was decreased as the chromium concentration increased. In recovery
treatments all parameters showed higher growth with 25 ppm of potassium
sulphate, zinc sulphate and iron sulphate when combinedly used with 10 ppm of
chromium. Keywords: chromium. toxicity, iron sulphate, potassium sulphate,
zinc sulphate, leaf area |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 65-68
(2020) Study of groung water quality in open cast coal mining area of
Surguja Chhattisgarh Satish
Kumar* and Sadhana Chaurasia 1Department of Energy & Environment, Mahatma Gandhi
Chitrakoot Gramodaya University, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) *Corresponding
author e-mail: satishatr84@gmail.com Paper received: 02.01.20, Revised received:
28.06.20 Paper
Accepted:
04.07.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
study area is situated in Udaipur tehsil, district Surguja Chhattisgarh. In
this study ground water samples were analyzed to know the Impact of open cast
coal mining on ground water quality. 20 km radius was covered in this study.
The pH of collected samples is varies from 6.5 to 7.5 while colour and turbidity
was found in below detectible limit in all samples. The odour and taste are
agreeable in all places of sampling and total hardness, calcium and
alkalinity was found under the prescribed limit and it’s safe for different
domestic and agricultural uses. Chloride, TDS, cyanide and magnesium was
shows the safe values of as recommended by the various agencies. Sulphate,
nitrate and fluoride are also shows safer values for uses. Total coliform and
E. Coli were found <2 MPN/100ml and absent respectively in all samples
which shows the no contamination of pathogen and bacterial activity. Keywords: Open cast mining, water pollution, Trace metals,
calcium, hardness, pH, TDS, and alkalinity |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13 (4) 69-72
(2020) Effect of excess Ni concentration on pigments in radish (Raphanus
sativus) and recovery of damage through B and Cu Shiv
Shankar Yadav* Environment
specialist, U.P.
Pro Poor Tourism Development Project, U.P.
Tourism Department, Mathura-281001, India *Corresponding
author e-mail:
shivluresearch@gmail.com Paper received: 14.04.20, Revised received:
22.07.20 Paper
Accepted:
27.07.20, Category: Original paper |
Abstract The
pot culture experiments were carried out 80 days for radish (Raphanus
sativus L. cv. Japani white). The final concentrations of nickel (200,
500 and 1000µM) were prepared using nickel sulphate (NiSO4).
Likewise, concentration of boron (150 and 300µM) and copper (50, 100 µM) were
also prepared using boric acid (H3BO3) and copper
sulphate (CuSO4) respectively. The damage caused by 500 and 1000
µM of nickel was recovered each with boron (150 and 300µM) and copper (50,
100 µM). Chlorophyll contents (a, b, Total) on 40 day decreased significantly
in 200µM, 500µM, 1000µM of nickel treatment. The chlorophyll contents (a, b,
Total) were found higher in boron (150µM, 300µM) and copper (50µM, 100µM),
When combinedly used with 500µM, 1000µM of nickel as compared to single application
of nickel (500µM, 1000µM) at 40 and 80 days. At 40 days gradual decrease in
pheophytin (a, b, Total) and total carotenoid was observed up to 1000µM with
increased Ni concentration. In recovery treatments pheophytin (a, b, Total)
and total carotenoids were higher in B (150µM and 300µM) and Cu (50µM, 100µM)
each with combine treatment of 500µM and 1000µM Ni. At 80 days of treatment
the combinatorial application of Ni (500µM, 1000µM) with B (150µM and 300µM)
and Cu (50µM, 100µM) each shows improved content of pheophytin (a, b, Total)
and total carotenoid. Keywords: Radish (Raphanus sativus), Nickel, Boron, Copper,
biomass, Fresh weight and Dry weight and
Yield |
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Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 73-74
(2020) Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination and plant
growth in Gram (Cicer arietinum) Shailendra
Verma and Dharam Singh Department of Environmental Sciences,
Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, CSJM University, Kanpur-208024 *Corresponding
author e-mail: 1989shailendraverma@gmail.com Paper received: 14.04.20, Revised received:
22.07.20 Paper
Accepted:
26.07.20, Category: Short communication |
Abstract Gram
(Cicer arietinum) seeds were used for the petridish culture. The 10,
20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% concentrations of treated effluents were prepared in
distilled water, while distilled water was taken as control. In the
petridishes, 50 seeds were sown upon the filter paper and under observation
for 30 days. There was significant reduction in germination % with increasing
concentration levels 10 to 80 % of distillery effluent and complete
inhibition of germination in 100% concentration. Shoot and Root length
decreased significantly with increase in lower dilution levels of treated
effluent. Number of lateral roots, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture %
also decreased significantly with increasing concentration of treated
distillery effluent. Keywords: Gram (Cicer arietinum), Distillery effluent,
Germination %, Shoot and root length |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 75-78
(2020) Indoor plants as an alternative approach to improve indoor air
quality in India Kamlesh
K. Yadav1* and Abha Trivedi2 1Department of Zoology, Rajkiya
Mahavidyalaya Unnao, Bakkha Kheda, Unnao-209801 2Department of Animal Science, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly-243006 *Corresponding
author e-mail:
drkkyadav8@gmail.com Paper received: 17.05.20, Revised received:
18.09.20, Paper
Accepted:
22.09.20, Category: Review Article |
Abstract Deterioration
of indoor air value below the set standard is called Indoor Air Pollution.
Indoor air can be 10 times of poorer that the quality outdoor air. It is one
of the world’s largest environmental problems – particularly for
the poorest in the world who often do not have access to clean
fuels for cooking. Indoor air quality is largely affected by the indoor
activities. Several respiratory problems viz. chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, irritation, allergies, headaches, nausea
etc. may occur due to indoor air pollution.
To overcome the indoor air pollution application of indoor plants may
be one of the cheapest ways. Although, there are no well-known, traditional,
conventional or established criteria that which plant can be the most
suitable indoor plant. Though, there
are such studies which indicate that there some plants capable of removing
harmful indoor substances. This paper gives brief information about indoor
air pollution and indoor plants which can be used as an alternative way to
reduce indoor air pollution. Keywords: Indoor Air Pollution, Indoor Plants, Indoor Air Quality |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 79-81
(2020) A mathematical analysis of the relationship between human and
green environment Akhilesh Tripathi Department
of Mathematics, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow,
India *Corresponding
author e-mail: at.nivelesh@rediffmail.com Paper received: 08.06.20, Revised received:
11.10.20 Paper
Accepted:
17.10.20, Category: Original Article |
Abstract In
this paper we attempt to prepare a mathematical model, which describes the
relationship between human population and green environment on the earth.
Paper is based upon the assumption that human population is mostly
responsible for the green environment growth and decay. The mathematics involved
in the paper is traditional but application appears to be new. Keywords: Human population, green, environment, earth |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 82-84
(2020) Role of chemicals in increasing number of diabetic patients Meenakshi Singh*, Zoya Amreen, Archna Talwar and
Sonika Bhatia Department
of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow-226007,
India *Corresponding
author e-mail: meenu16266@gmail.com Paper received: 21.06.20, Revised received:
28.10.20 Paper
Accepted:
30.10.20, Category: Original Article |
Abstract Diabetes
can be considered as a life style disease. Increase in industrialization,
urbanization, stress and decrease in physical activity are some of the major
factors responsible for the manifold increase in the number of diabetic
patients world-wide. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to
increase in the release of number of toxic chemicals in air, water and soil
and it is these chemicals which are to certain extent responsible for the
rapid rise in the number of diabetic patients Keywords: Diabetes, Pollutants,Toxic heavy Metals, Chemicals |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 85-87
(2020) Pattern of variations in the levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase
activity in the eggs; during embryonic development of Mythimna separata
(Walker) S.K.
Verma Department
of Zoology, T.D.P.G College, Jaunpur, India *Corresponding
author e-mail: archi_sat@yahoo.com.sg Paper received: 28.05.20, Revised received:
06.10.20 Paper
Accepted:
10.10.20, Category: Original Article |
Abstract Biochemical experiments were performed to
find out age related variations in the activity of alkaline and acid
phosphatase in the eggs during embryonic development of M. separata. The
level of alkaline phosphatase activity shows increasing trend from 0-8 h to
32-40 h, after that the rate of activity is comparatively slowing down and it
reaches the peak at 48-56 h From 48-56 h, the activity of alkaline
phosphatase starts declining.Steady increase in the activity of enzyme acid
phosphatase from 0-8 h to 16-24 h after that an abrupt increase in the
activity of enzyme is occurring (16-24 h to 40-48 h). Though there is also
increase in enzymatic activity in the age group of 40-48 h to 64-72 h but the
rate of activity is comparatively slow. Keywords: Alkaline
and acid phosphatase , M. separata, Embryonic development |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 88-92
(2020) Cellulose-based materials for oil spill mitigation: A review Sonika Bhatia*, Akrati Sant,
Meenakshi Singh, Archna Talwar and Alfred Lawrence Department of Chemistry,
Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow-226007, India *Corresponding author e-mail: sonikaitc2@gmail.com Paper received: 18.06.20, Revised received: 24.10.20 Paper Accepted: 28.10.20, Category: Review
Article |
Abstract Natural calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis&
manmade causes like tanker collisions, pipeline leakages, oilwell blowouts
& terrorist attacks may result in oil spills. Oil & gas exploration
& production activities generate a lot of oily wastewaters. Various
physical, chemical & biological processes are employed for containing oil
spills & treating oily wastewater. In most of the methods used the oil is
destroyed and cannot be recovered. Usage of synthetic dispersants can make
water resources toxic. A good sustainable solution is utilizing sorbent materials
from which the oil can be recovered & the sorbent can be reused.
Converting agricultural waste into cellulose-based sorbents is a green
environmentally benign approach to managing oil spills. In the last couple of
years, many researchers have utilized agricultural waste to develop bio-based
sorbents, separators & aerogels for oil-water separations. The
cellulose-based sorbents have good sorption capacity and are biodegradable
and non-toxic as compared to synthetic alternatives but their hydrophobicity
is low. Many modifications have been done to increase the hydrophobicity of
the biopolymer. Bio-based emulsifiers have been developed. Cellulose
nanocrystals have been developed as adsorbents. Aerogels have been prepared
from nanocellulose. Composite carbon dots have been utilised for oil spill
management. The present review compiles progress made by various researchers
in developing bio-based sustainable green methods for oil spill management.
The Cellulose-based sorbents are still being used on a pilot scale.
Concentrated efforts are needed to scale up the production and make
cost-effective modifications. Keywords: oil spill, cellulose-based sorbents, super-hydrophobicity,
cellulose aerogels |
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Exclusively Online Res.
Environ. Life Sci., 13(4) 93-96
(2020) Oil spill disaster management and mitigation: A review Sonika Bhatia*, Akrati Sant, Meenakshi Singh, and Archna Talwar Department
of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow-226007,
India *Corresponding
author e-mail: sonikaitc2@gmail.com Paper received: 02.07.20, Revised received:
11.10.20 Paper
Accepted:
13.10.20, Category: Review Article |
Abstract Natural calamities like Earthquake /Tsunami
and manmade causes like tanker collision, terrorist attack, pipeline leakage,
and oil well blowout may result in major disasters in form of oil spills
which requires immediate response and a well-coordinated plan and strategy to
monitor, evaluate, contain and recover the oil with the help of a trained
team, equipment and communication facilities. Containment barriers like booms
and adsorbers, Collection through skimmers, and a spray of dispersants by
aircraft help in minimizing damage to ecology, agricultural crops, fishing,
protecting industrial water quality & recreational and tourist places
like beaches and shorelines.The response may require dispersion, sorbents,
bioremediation, grounding of the oil or even burning of the oil contained. In
most of the methods the oil is destroyed and cannot be recovered. Utilizing
absorbent materials from which the oil can be recovered and the absorbent can
be reused might be a sustainable solution. Converting agricultural wastes
into cellulose-based absorbents can be a green environmentally benign
approach to managing oil spills. This review compiles various traditional
physical, chemical and bioremediation methods used to manage oil spills the
world over. A systematic oil spill risk reduction strategy has been presented
involving activity risk assessment and factors to be kept in mind while
firming up a response strategy. The constitution and role of the crisis
management team as laid down by the National Contingency Plan 2015 of India
are also reviewed. Keywords: Oil
Spill, Sorbents, Dispersants, Risk Assessment, Response Strategy, Crisis
Management |