RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND
LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-5, Number-3, August-2012
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21. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 105-108 (2012) Tibicen haematodes on Nitraria schoberi plant in Meighan Desert, Markazi
province, Iran A. Shayestehfar
*¹, M. Mahdieh¹ , Y. Yousefi ² and M. Ghalenovi 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science,
University of Arak -38156-8-7349, Iran 2Technical deputy of natural
resource, head quarter of Markazi province, Iran *e-mail: a-shayestehfar@araku.ac.ir
(Received: September 5, 2011; Revised received:
June 02, 2012; Accepted: June 08, 2012) |
Abstract: Plants of the genus Nitraria
(Zygophyllaceae) are widely distributed around
the world. Of the 11 species of this genus, 3 grow in deserts and salt
marshes of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Nitraria
schoberi is the main native plant for Meighan salt-marsh of Markazi
province. Its main habitat is located in the northern part of this desert. It
has effective role to stabilize soil and the moving sands. Since few years,
intense reduction of the number of this plant is recorded from different
sources for unknown reasons. In the present investigation, the Cicadas were
observed to live with Nitraria schoberi plant. During the investigation, many
Cicadoidea, and also a great number of holes and
large insect made tubeswere observed next to the Nitraria schoberi
plant roots. The samples were transferred to the Arak
University laboratory and frozen in -5ºC for the feature identification.
According to the present identical keys, this is closely agrees with Tibicen haematodes (Scopoli, 1763) which is reported for the first time as a
pest of Nitraria schoberi
plant in Meighan desert. It seems that the Tibicen haematodes is
responsible for the heavy reduction of Nitraria
schoberi plants in the present studied area. Key words: Meighan Desert, Nitraria schoberi plant, Tibicen haematodes. |
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22. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 109 -116 (2012) Influence of ciriped barnacles Chelonibia patula
(Ranzani) on commercial crabs from Gulf of Mannar and Palk bay coastal waters M. Yokesh Babu*1, Raveendra Durgekar2, V. Janaki
Devi1, C. M. Ramakritinan1,A.
K. Kumaraguru1 1Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Madurai- 625021, India 2 Khursawada, Karwar, Karnataka *e-mail: smyb81@yahoo.co.in
(Received: January 25, 2012; Revised received: July 20, 2012;
Accepted: May 25, 2012) |
Abstract: The attachment of the barnacle Chelonibia patula
on the carapace of the three economically important crabs Charybdis
natator, Portunus
pelagicus and Charybdis fruciata from Gulf of Mannar
and Palkbay coastal waters are reported. Here the
barnacle attachment on C. natator is a first
time observed in Indian waters. In general a maximum of 37% crabs were
infested in Rameswaram, 22% in Pamban,
30% in Mandapam, 13% in Keelakarai
and 10% in chinnaerwadi. A number of 100 crabs were
scrutinized per sampling per site and three sampling were conducted per
month. The C. patula attachment was found in
June to August months. A record number of more than seventy seven barnacles wereattached on single
crab of Charybdis natator
compare to this the number ofbarnacle varied from
one to fifty four found on the swimming crabP.
pelagicus, one to
fifty five on Charybdis fruciata.
Predominantly, most of the barnacles were attached to carapace of non-ovigerous female crabs.Significantly
(p< 0.05) the infested crabs were showed reduction in weight
compare to non infested crab and no significance between the number of
barnacle attachment and the size of the carapace. The relationship between
the epibionts and their hosts was clear evident for
the parasitism endorse on other species in the area. Key words: Chelonibia patula, Charybdis natator, Portunus
pelagicus Charybdis fruciata, Ectosymbiont |
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23. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 117-118 (2012) Carotenoids from the waste of gallus
gallus and its antimicrobial activity S. Priya*1and P. Maheswari 2 1Department of Biotechnology, 2Department
of Bioscience, S.T.E.T. college of Education for women, Mannargudi,
India *e-mail: piri_333@yahoo.co.in
(Received: February 16, 2012; Revised
received: July 24, 2012; Accepted: July 18, 2012) |
Abstract: In
present study, the methanol method for carotenoids
extraction from the intestine waste of Gallus gallus
(chicken) was introduced. The antimicrobial activity of the carotenoids extract against Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisae and
Bacillus subtilis was also elucidated.
Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions was at a temperature of
50°C, a solvent-solid ratio of 10:1 and duration of 30 min.The
disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) determination
showed that the extract has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against
E.coli, B.subtilis
and S.cerevisiae with their inhibition zones
ranging from 8.90mm to 15.45mm and the MIC ranging from 16.75mg/ml
to 90mg/ml.However,it showed no inhibition
effect on A.niger and A.flavus. Key words: Antimicrobial
activity, Carotenoids, Gallus gallus |
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24. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 119-120 (2012) Production of herbicide
tolerant biofungicide M. Kannahi*
and B. Elakkiya PG and Research Department
of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar
Educational Trust Women’s College, Mannargudi-614 001, India *e-mail: kannahisri79@gmail.com (Received: February 25, 2012; Revised received: July 14,
2012; Accepted: July 16, 2012) |
Abstract: The present study deals with isolation and
identification of T.harzianum from agricultural
field. The isolated T.harzianum was chosen
for analysis like the effect of pH and herbicides
(Pentimethalin35% EC & Atrazine50% EC). The herbicide tolerant biofungicide was produced by broth culture method and it
was justified by disc diffusion method. From the herbicide tolerant T.harzianum was treated in the pots for the growth
of sorghum. The morphometric analysis was performed
in the herbicide treated pots. Finally, concluded that the herbicide tolerant
biofungicide or any other bio inputs reproduced to
modern agriculture and inhibit the soil borne plant pathogen. Key words: herbicide
tolerant T.harzianum, sorghum, Pentimethalin, Atrazine |
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25. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 121-124 (2012) Correlation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in oral
premalignant and malignant lesions and their suppression by antioxidants R.S. Singh1*, S. K. Awasthi2, Anupam Porwal1, M.P.Mishra3, Shashwat Katiyar
4 and Mahendra Yadav1 1Department of Biotechnology, Brahmanand
PG College, Kanpur; 2Institute of Life Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur 3J.K. Cancer Research Institute and Hospital,
Kanpur; 4IBSBT, CSJM University, Kanpur *e-mail: ravindralifesciences@yahoo.co.in (Received: January 02, 2012; Revised received: June 11, 2012;
Accepted: June 15, 2012) |
Abstract: In
the last decade there has been a rapid progress in the understanding of the
actual nature and chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular
and molecular level. Free radicals have been implicated to play a pivotal
role in genesis of various oral cancers. All the major classes of biomolecules may be attacked by free radicals but lipids
are most susceptible. Cell membranes are rich source of polyunsaturated fatty
acid(PUFAs) which are readily attacked by oxidized
radicals. The free radicals cause oxidative destruction of polyunsaturated
fatty acids known as lipid peroxidation. It is
particularly damaging because it proceeds as self perpetuating chain
reaction, which may result in more free radical generation. Free radicals are
indirectly measured by the level of MDA (malonyldialdehyde).
Keeping in view such consideration, this study has been designed to the role
and activities of ROS and some significant stress markers such as MDA and
SOD/Catalase as enzymatic antioxidants in oral
cancer patients Key words: Free
radicals, Antioxidants, SOD, MDA |
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26. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 125 -128 (2012) Impact of mung bean mosaic virus (MBMV) on nodulation In green gram (Vigna
radiata L.) Brij Lal Verma2* and B.D. Singh1 1Department ofBotany, K.S. Saket. P.G. College, Ayodhya -
224123, India 2Dr R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad- 224123, India *e-mail: vermabrijlal1272@gmail.com (Received: February 05, 2012; Revised received: July 14,
2012; Accepted: June 16, 2012) |
Abstract: An experiment was conductedduring2009 to see the
impact of mung bean mosaic virus on nodulation,
bacterial population and leg haemoglobincontent in
nodules. The objective of the proposed work shall be study and investigate
the effect of MBMV on the growth and physiology of root nodules as well as on
nitrogen fixation. The effect of ecological and geochemical conditions. On mung bean plant (Vigna
radiata L.) has also been assessed. The
observation indicates that the virus infection inducesphysiological
changes in host plant nodules. It indicates the infection reduces nodular
number, size, and fresh weight in green gram plants. The healthy mung bean plant nodule hadhigher
content of leg- haemoglobinthan the infected
nodules of host plant. An increased bacterial population in
nodules indicate the probability of higher nitrogen fixation to enrich
the soil fertility. Key words: Chlorosis, Root
nodule, Clay pots, Leg- haemoglobin ,
Spectrophotometer, Optical density, Rhizobium,
Replication |
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27. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 129 -132 (2012) Studies on effective
microorganisms grown in coconut water and their effect on paddy (Oryza sativa L.) K. Ahilandeswari* and
J. Vetriselvi PG & Research Department of Microbiology,
S.T.E.T. Women’s college, Mannargudi- 614 001,
India *e-mail: ahilamicro23@gmail.com (Received: March 12, 2012; Revised
received: July 18,2012; Accepted: July 20, 2012) |
Abstract: In this
study, PGPR recently known as Effective Microorganisms were isolated from rhizosphere soil of paddy and identified as Azospirillum, Azotobacter,
Pseudomonas and Bacillus species using uncontaminated coconut
water as nutritional supplement. To study the bacterial growth, bacterial
strains were separately inoculated onto coconut water as sole source of
carbon and also inoculated in chemically defined selective liquid medium.
Growth rate of the bacterial isolates were measured spectrophotometrically
at 620 nm. Likewise, plant growth promoting effect was studied by bioassay
method using Oryza sativa L. (paddy)
as experimental plant. Plant growth was measured in terms of height of shoot
and root. Percentage of germination, phytotoxicity
and vigor index were calculated and compared with uninoculated
plants. Among the isolates, Azospirillum showed
maximum phytotoxicity and vigor index followed by Pseudomonas.
Azotobacter and Bacillus species were
also have good effect on plant growth. Key words:
Effective
Microorganisms, Coconut water, Rhizosphere soil,
PGPR |
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28. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 133-134 (2012) Assessment of the free amino acids in Bryophyllum
pinnatum L. Vishnu Shankar Sinha1,
Arbind Prasad Pandit1
and Nandjee Kumar*2 1Department of Botany, Tata
College, Chaibasa, Jharkhand-833202, India 2Department of Botany, Magadh
University, Bodh-gaya, Bihar,824234,India *e-mail: kumarnandjee@gmail.com (Received: March 02, 2012; Revised
received: July 15,2012; Accepted: July 17, 2012) |
Abstract: The present investigation reports the type of
amino acids present in the different plant parts of Bryophyllum
pinnatum L. belonging to family Crassulaceae .
The presence of amino acids in different plants parts aqueous extract was
detected with the help of paper chromatography. Our results confirmed eleven
amino acids in different plant parts ofBryophyllum
pinnatum L. i.e. valine,
leucine, isoleucine, phenylealanine, tyrosine, threonine,
methionine, tryptophan, arginine,lysine and histidine. .
The stem extract of B. pinnatum L showed the
presence of only three amino acids namely valine, leucine and methionine while
the root extract showed the presence of four amino acids viz
valine, leucine, methionine and histidine. The
leaf extract showed the presence of eight amino acids viz.valine,leucine, isoleucine,
phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, arginine and lysine. On the other hand leaf buds showed
the presence of six amino acids i.e. valine,
leucine, isoleucine, methionine, arginine and
lysine. The flower extract showed the presence of five amino acids namely valine, tyrosine, threonine and
methionine. Three amino acids namely valine,leucine and methionine were common in extract ofall
the plant parts of Bryophyllum pinnatum L ( root extract, leaf extract, leaf bud
extract) where aslysine and arginine
were found only in flower extract. Lysine and arginine
only in leaf and leaf bud extract and histidine in
only root extract. It is interesting to note that ornithine
(essential amino acid) not observed in any part of the B. pinnatum L.. Key words: Bryophyllum pinnatum L, amino acids,chromatography |
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29. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 135-136 (2012) In vitro response of essential oil extracted from Cassia tora against dermatophytes
of infected soil Meenakshi Tiwari*, Meenakshi Sharma and Sunita Mahariya Laboratory of Mycology and Microbiology,
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-
302004, India *e-mail:
meenakshi_1483@yahoo.co.in (Received: March 11, 2012; Revised
received: July 02,2012; Accepted: July 05, 2012) |
Abstract: Fungal activity of the essential oil extracted
from Cassia tora (Fabaceae)
was studied against dermatophytic fungi like Microsporum gypseum.
Study of dermatophytes in soil samples collected
from Jaipur, was carried out but only 88% samples
contained dermatophytic fungi. In screening of the
essential oil of Cassia tora the diameter of
inhibition zone was found to be 19 mm for Microsporum
gypseum. Result show that a Minimum inhibitory
concentration of essential oil of Cassia tora
with reference to Microsporum gypseum was 0.6µl/ml. Since the plants appeared to
have broad spectrum of activity against dermatophytes
so it could be useful in antiseptic or disinfectant formulations. Key words: Keratinophilic fungi,
essential oil, disc diffusion method, micro dilution method |
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30. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 137-140 (2012) Antimicrobial activity of Nigella
sativa (Kalwangi) essential oil against fungal
infections of skin Sunita Mahariya*, Meenakshi Sharma, Meenakshi Tiwari and Neha meena Laboratory of Mycology and Microbiology,
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-
302004, India *e-mail: sunitamahariya@gmail.com (Received: March 25, 2012;
Revised received: July 22,2012; Accepted: July 23, 2012) |
Abstract The present
study was carried out to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity
of essential oil of N. sativa seeds against keratinophilic
fungus Chrysosporium tropicum
and Trichophyton rubrum
by using disc diffusion and microdilution method.
The extraction of essential oil from seeds was carried out by standard hydrodistillation method using Clevenger’s apparatus.
Soil samples were collected from different sites of Jaipur
and the major technique Hair Baiting Technique was applied. Different species
of keratinophilic fungi were identified viz. Chrysosporium tropicum,
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton simii, Colletotrichum spp. Geotrichum
spp., Fusarium spp., Scopulariopsis
spp. etc. Out of this C.tropicum and T.
rubrum were found more abundant & dominant.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of N. sativa oil against
C. tropicum (Carmichael) and T. rubrum (Castellani) was
found to be 0.7µl ml-1 and 0.5µl ml-1 respectively and
the diameter of inhibition zone was found to be 26mm and 20mm respectively
for the test organisms. Key words: Keratinophilic, Microdilution, Essential oil, MIC |
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31 |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 141-146 (2012) Study of methelene
blue aggregation processes using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy E.A.Zakhidov1*, M.A.Zakhidova1, K.R.Kasymova2, A.M.Kokhkharov1,
V.O.Quvondykov1,Sh.Q.Nematov1,
R.A.Sadykov2, R.R.Sadykov2,
A.A.Saparbaev1 1Heat Physics Department, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 28,
Block “C”, Katartal St., Tashkent, 100135,
Uzbekistan 2Specialized Center of Surgery, Ministry of Healthcare,
Uzbekistan 10, Kichik Khalqa
Yoli, Tashkent, 100115, Uzbekistan *e-mail: ezakhidov@hotmail.com (Received: June 08, 2012; Revised
received: August 05, 2012;Accepted: August 11, 2012) |
Abstract In the paper
absorption and fluorescence properties of the unique phenotiazine
dye - Methelene Blue (MB) in an aqueous solution
and incubated in microorganisms have been studied. It has been shown that MB
molecules aggregation in an aqueous medium by forming dimers/multimers and binding with membranes of microorganisms
may be traced by means of changes in relevant spectral bands. Possibility of
quantitative estimation of MB dimeric/miltimeric molecular aggregation and incubation in
bacteria with different physical structures of cell walls using absorption
and fluorescence spectroscopy is discussed. Key words: Methelene blue,
Absorption and fluorescence spectra, Monomer, Dimer
and multimer molecules, Membranes of bacteria,
Photosensitizes |
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Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 147-150 (2012) Eupeodes bacculatus, Eumerus
ornatus and Merodon clavipes (Diptera: syrphidae) three species newly recorded for Iran flowerfly fauna Sayed Amir Ahmadian1*, Shahrokh Pashaei Rad2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological
Science, Azad University, North branch, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological
Science, Shahid Beheshti
University, G.C. Tehran, Iran *e-mail: amir_ahmadian66@yahoo.com (Received: June 10,2012; Revised
received: August 18, 2012;Accepted: August 20,2012) |
Abstract Eupeodes bacculatus, Eumerus ornatus and Merodon
clavipes are recorded for the first time from
Iran flowerfly fauna. Three
specimens were collected from Damavand and Firuzkuh.
For faunistic survey of Damavand and Firuzkuh were assigned 12 stations in these regions.
Diagnosis characters and photos are presented. Key words: Syrphidae, New
record, Fauna, Damavand, Firuzkuh, Iran |
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Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 151-152 (2012) Quantitative estimation of
total free amino acids in the haemolymph and fat
bodies of the last instar larva of Corcyra cephalonica (st.) Sandhya Jadhav Research Laboratory, Dept.
of Zoology, New Arts, Commerce and Science College,Ahmednagar-414001, India e-mail: drsandhyajadhav@gmail.com (Received: May 02, 2012; Revised
received: August 25, 2012;Accepted: August 28,2012) |
Abstract The
biochemical estimation of total free amino acids in the haemolymph
and fat bodies of last instar larva of Corcyra cephalonica was studied. Freshly emerged last instar larvae were studied with 24 hours interval. It was
observed that in the last instar larva of Corcyra cephalonica the free amino acids level in the haemolymph and fat bodies show a specific pattern during
the larval period showing higher level in the haemolymph
as well as in the fat body . The amino acid level in
the haemolymph issignificantly
high during the first and second day of moulting . It drops down on the third day of moulting
and again increases on the fourth and fifth day of moulting.
It is also observed that the amino acidlevel in the
haemolymph and fat bodies is nearly at equal level
during third and fourth day of moulting. There is
decrease of total free amino acids in haemolymph
from 1st ,2nd and 3rd dayand then again an increase till 5th
day. The total free amino acid level in fat body is lower than that of the haemolymph. It is decreased from 1stto
3rdday and then there is continuous rise upto
5thday . The
amino acid concentration in the haemolymph and fat
body may vary. This variation is dependent on their food intake and
utilization of the amino acid for protein synthesis. Key words: Corcyra, Haemolymph,
Fat body,Amino acids |
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Res. Environ. Life Sci., 5(3) 153-155 (2012) Effect of different
pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Cassia occidentalis Srishti Srivastava*, Kaushal
Kumar and Malvika Srivastava Stress Physiology and
Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University,
Gorakhpur *e-mail: srishtisrivastava16788@gmail.com (Received: May 05, 2012; Revised
received: August 04, 2012;Accepted: August 10,2012) |
Abstract: Cassia occidentalis is an under utilized wild legume
with a great potential due to various medicinal properties. Its propagation
is practiced by seeding and transplantation .Dormant seeds have hard seed
coat with low germination rate. This study is initiated to commercialize the
plant and to break the dormancy. In the present investigation experiments
were conducted on both fresh and stored seeds to determine the effect of
various presowing treatments such as water soaking,
acid scarification, mechanical scarification and hot water treatment on seed
germination. Highest germination percentage, viability and vigour index was recorded in fresh seeds treated with sulphuric acid for 40 minutes followed by mechanical
scarification. Stored seeds showed less germination than fresh seeds which
indicates that the dormancy of seed is due to seed coat as it becomes harder
during storage due to loss of moisture. Key words: Wild legume, Dormancy,
Scarification, Viability, Vigour index |