RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND
LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-7, Number-3, August-2014
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32. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 137-142 (2014) Endochitinase: engineered resistance against fungal plant
pathogens Manish Shukla and Syed
Uzma Jalil* Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India *e-mail:
s.uzmajalil@gmail.com (Received: February 19,
2014; Revised received: April 24, 2014;Accepted: April 25,2014) |
Abstract: Plants can suffer from infections caused by
fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and other pathogens. Various
high-tech approaches have been proposed to protect plants from harmful
afflictions. To date, most interest has been focused on virus resistant
transgenic plants, but using biotechnology to confer resistance to fungi,
bacteria, or nematodes has also been gaining attention. Fungi are
responsible for a range of serious plant diseases such as
blight, grey mould, bunts, powdery mildew, and downy mildew.
Crops of all kinds often suffer heavy losses. Fungal plant diseases are
usually managed with applications of chemical fungicides or heavy metals. In
some cases, conventional breeding has provided fungus resistant
cultivars. Besides combatting yield losses,
preventing fungal infection keeps crops free of toxic compounds produced by
some pathogenic fungi. These compounds, often referred to as mycotoxins, can affect the immune system and disrupt
hormone balances. Genetic engineering enables new ways of managing fungal
infections. Introducing genes from other plants or bacteria encoding enzymes
like chitinase or glucanase.
These enzymes break down chitin or glucan,
respectively, which are essential components of fungal cell walls. Chitinase is one of the most important PR (Pathogenesis
Related) proteins, which is used to improve plant defence
against fungal pathogens. Chitinases have been
shown to possess an antifungal role in disease resistance. These genes have
originated from several sources including bacteria and plants. For the past
one decade, fungi have been identified as better producers of chitinase than bacteria and plants. Gene encoding Chitinases have been isolated and cloned from many fungi,
such as, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus oligosporous, Candida albicans and Trichoderma
hazianum. The enzyme inhibits the spore
germination and hyphal elongation of various fungal
pathogens in vitro. Key words: Chitinase, Disease
resistance, Fungus |
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33. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 143-146 (2014) Assessment of genetic variability for morpho-
economic traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes S.V. Sunil Kumar1*, J. Chandra Prakash1,
B. Arunkumar2, T. Onkarappa1
and H. B. Manoj Kumar1 1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS,
GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka (State), India. 2Kittur Rani Channamma
College of Horticulture, Arabhavi-591 310, Karnataka, India *e-mail:
sunisv07@gmail.com (Received: March 13, 2014;
Revised received: May 20, 2014;Accepted: May 24,2014) |
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out by
using hundred chickpea genotypes to study various morphological and
economically important traits under field conditions to estimate the existing
genetic variation in simple lattice design with two replications. Analysis of
variance for yield and its component traits revealed significant differences
between genotypes for nine out of ten traits studied. Highest range of
variability recorded for by number of pods per plant followed by days to
maturity, test weight, plant height, seed yield per plant, days to 50 %
maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches
per plant, reaction to fusarium wilt disease and
seeds per pod. High phenotypic variance was found to be greater than
genotypic variance for all the characters, indicating environmental influence
on these traits. Similarly, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and
phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for reaction to fusarium wilt disease, number of pods per plant and seed
yield per plant whereas the lowest for days to 50% flowering. Higher GCV and
PVC were recorded for most of the characters indicating higher magnitude of
variability for these characters. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance was observed for reaction to fusarium wilt disease, number of pods per plant, seed
yield per plant, test weight and number of seeds per pod indicating that
these characters are controlled by additive gene action. The directional
selection for these traits could be effective for desired genetic
improvement. Key words: Chickpea,
Genetic variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Seed yield |
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34. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 147-148 (2014) Stability of pistillateness in hybrid
seed parents of castor (Ricinus communis L.) T. Onkarappa*,
H. Shivanna, A. Mohan Rao
and S. Ramesh 1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS,
GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India *e-mail:
onkarappat7@gmail.com (Received: February 10,
2014; Revised received: May 20, 2014;Accepted: May 24,2014) |
Abstract: Pistillateness is an
environment sensitive trait. Therefore, Stability of pistillateness
of seed parent is essential to produce hybrids of highest genetic purity. Pistillate lines are being used as seed parents for
developing and deploying hybrids in castor. Under this premise ten pistillate lines were evaluated in different dates of
sowing to detect genotype x environment (G x E) interactions and identify
most stable pistillate lines during 2007 at Zonal
Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Hiriyur, Chitradurga District, Karnataka. Significant mean squares
due to genotype × environment suggested differential behavior of the pistillate lines for number of female flowers across the
four dates of sowing for all the three spike orders studied. A perusal of the
estimates of environmental indices indicated that October and November
sowings were most congenial than August and September sowing for the
expression of pistillateness in primary and
secondary spikes, while, for the expression of pistillateness
in tertiary spikes, September, October and November sowings are congenial.
The pistillate lines DPC-9, M-574, VP-1 and Geetha are most stable for pistillateness
across sowing dates. These pistillate lines are
suggested for use in the production of new hybrids in castor. Key words: Pistillateness, Spikes, Ricinus, Hybrid, Stability |
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35. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 149-152 (2014) Ecological studies near express highway (NH 25) in Unnao district of U.P. state, India Abhay Kumar Verma1, R.B. Singh2
and S.N. Pandey1* 1Botany Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow -
226007, Lucknow 1Department of Physics, Lucknow University-226007,
Lucknow *e-mail:
snpandey511@gmail.com (Received: February 13, 2014; Revised received: June 05,
2014;Accepted: June 06,2014) |
Abstract:Some important
parameters of ecological studies to evaluate soil, water and vegetational status near a national express highway (NH
25) were undertaken. The adjacent areas of NH 25 were uneven and eroded; soil
was alkaline with high content of Ca++, caCO3
and heavy metals (Fe, Ni and Cr). The poor and scattered vegetation indicated
poor fertility of the land near NH 25 (0-100 m). The surface water in pits
was found turbid, light darkish in colour; and high
content of solids (>7000 mg l-1), hardness (> 400 mg l-1)
and chloride contents. Elevated levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu and
Zn) also determined in soil and water. The density, frequency and abundance
of species near NH 25 was poor as compared to plant
species away from the express highway NH 25. Eco-friendly management plan may
help to reduce these ecological problems. Key words: Ecological
studies, Express highway, Density of species |
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36. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 153-156 (2014) Effect of microbial
enrichment on microbial population and nutritional status of vermicompost N. Khare1*,
D.V. Pathak2, S. Sangwan1
and N. Chawla1 1Department of Microbiology, 2Regional
Research Station, Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar-125004, India *e-mail:
neetukhatak@yahoo.com (Received: February 15,
2014; Revised received: May 11, 2014;Accepted: May 14,2014) |
Abstract: Vermicompost enriched
with nitrogen-fixing bacterium (Azotobacter
chroococcum), phosphate solubilizing bacterium (Pseudomonas spp.), a
fungal antagonistic bacterium (Pseudomonas maltophilia)
and arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (Glomus mossae) in
different combinations was analysed for
microbial population and nutritional status. While organic carbon decreased
in the microbially enriched vermicompost
due to degradation of organic matter by microbial activity, total N and P
contents were increased due to inoculation of Azotobacter
chroococcum, Pseudomonas spp., and AM
fungi respectively. Ammonical-N, nitrate-N and
available P were significantly increased in the enriched vermicompost
as compared to unamended vermicompost
on 30th day of inoculation (after 30
days of inoculation). Over uninoculated control, microbially enriched vermicompost
signaled higher population of A. chroococcum,
Pseudomonas spp. and P. maltophilia upto 30 days. Key words: Vermicompost, Microbial
population and Nutritional status |
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37. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 157-160 (2014) Physcomitrium pyriforme in relation to contents of protein and some heavy
metals in samples collected from some selected areas of Lucknow P.K.Tandon1
and Manjul Misra2* 1Department of Botany University of Lucknow,
Lucknow, 2Directorate of Environment, U.P.,Lucknow *e-mail:
doemanjulmishra@yahoo.com (Received: January 22, 2014; Revised received:
May 28, 2014;Accepted: May 29,2014) |
Abstract: Moss
Physcomitrium pyriforme
samples were collected from some selected areas of Lucknow. Samples were
collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed
for determination of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Co, Cr
and Ni. Samples collected from garden and monument areas were treated as
control. Samples collected from residential areas showed higher level of
heavy metals in comparison to the samples collected from garden and monument
sites. Higher content of lead, copper and cobalt was found in the residential
areas as compared to the garden and monument areas.However
variable results were obtained with regard to protein content in the moss
samples collected from different locations of Lucknow. Key words: Heavy Metals, Pollution, Residential
areas, Moss, Bio-monitoring |
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38. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 161-164 (2014) Management of alternaria blight in Indian mustard through genotypes,
date of sowing and micronutrients H. K. Singh*1, R.
B. Singh1, Mahesh Singh1 and K. N. Maurya2 1Department of Plant Pathology, N. D. University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad -224229 (U.P.), India 2Department of Genetics and
Plant Breeding, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad -224229
(U.P.), India *e-mail:
hksndu@gmail.com (Received: February 02,
2014; Revised received: May 28, 2014;Accepted: May 30,2014) |
Abstract: Alternaria blight
caused by Alternaria brassicae
(Berk) Sacc. and A. brassicicola (Schw) Wiltshire is one of the most common and destructive
disease of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]The experiments were conducted under field
condition to develop effective management strategies for this disease through
evaluation of genotypes for resistance, having higher yield, date of sowing
and application of micro-nutrients. Out of 36 promising genotypes evaluated
for resistance, minimum disease severity was found in RGN-303 (23.11%)
followed by NDR-08-1 (23.16%), RGN-298 (23.56%), NDR-2001-1 (24.0%), with the
seed yield of 2289, 2074, 1885, 1852 kg/ha, respectively. Genotypes recorded
promising in respect of disease severity and yields were sown on normal and
late situation. Genotypes RGN-303 exhibited least disease severity (14.50%
and 29.75%) and higher yield (23.80 and 16.20 q/ha) in normal and late sown
condition, respectively.This was followed by
genotypes RGN-298 and NDR- 2001-1 which have disease severity of 15.02%,
32.70% and 17.22%, 38.35% with seed yield of 18.70, 13.30 and 21.65, 16.0
q/ha in normal and in late sown condition, respectively. In general disease
severity was recorded higher in late sown crop as compared to normal in each
genotype. Among the micronutrients tested, minimum disease severity of 27.0%
on leaves and 15.02% on pods with higher seed yield of 1666.66 kg/ha were
recorded with the mixture of ZnSO4 @
15kg/ha + Borax @ 10kg/ha + S @ 40kg/hafollowed by
mixture of ZnSO4 @ 15kg/ha + Borax @
10kg/ha and mixture of Borax @ 10kg/ha + S @ 40kg/ha which have disease
severity of 32.65%, 17.47% and 33.84%, 18.06% on leaves and pods with yield
of 1499.99 and1488.97 kg/ha, respectively. Key words:Indian mustard, genotypes, date of sowing,
micro-nutrient, management, Alternaria blight |
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39. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 165-168 (2014) Survey and integrated
management of fungal foliar diseases of greengram Veena1
, Yashoda R. Hegde1,
Divya jyoti U.1
and Priya H. R.2 1Department of Plant Pathology, 2Department
of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-
580005, India *e-mail:
drveenashree@gmail.com (Received: March 06, 2014;
Revised received: June 02, 2014;Accepted: June 03,2014) |
Abstract: Greengram is
leguminous crop of Asia and it is suffers from Cercospora
leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens and powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe polygoni.
Roving survey was conducted during Kharif
2011 in Dharwad, Belgum, Baglkot and Gulbarga districts of Karnataka to know the
severity ofCLS andPM
diseases. The maximum disease severity of CLS (78.52%)and
PM ( 75.32%) was noticed in Dharwad district where
as CLS disease was absent in Baglkot and Gulbarga
districts and PM disease was observed in all the four districts. Fiftyfour greengram
genotypes were screened against CLS and PM under field condition. Among
these, IC283869 genotype showed multiple disease resistantandspraying
with 0.1% hexaconazole and difenconazole
helped to manage the CLS and PM successfully and which resulted in 80 –
85%decrease in disease and 40 – 45%increase in yield (7.52 q/ha) over
untreated control. Key words: Greengram, Leaf spot,
Powdery mildew, Survey, Screening,Management |
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40. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 169-170 (2014) Domestication and conservationof a palm (Pinanga
dickonii Bl.) for multistorey
cropping S. N. Singh1,
S. C. Gaur1 and L. B. Gaur2* 1Department of Agricultural Botany, Baba Raghav
Das P.G. College, Deoria – 274001 (U.P.). India 2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-
221005 (U.P.), India *e-mail:
lbgpbbhu@gmail.com (Received: February 15,
2014; Revised received: June 08, 2014;Accepted: June 10,2014) |
Abstract: An
effort was made to domesticate a supposedly multipurpose palm (Pinanga dicksonii
Bl.) with the twin objectives of testing its adaptability in northern Indian
plains and using it in high density orcharding and
multistory cropping as a standard. In historical times, this palm was so
abundant in the evergreen forests of Karnataka that its seeds were used to
adulterate the betelnut (Areca catechu L.).
After seeing its decimation, a hidden agenda of this effort was to conserve
this palm ex-situ. Both kinds of propagules
of this palm, the genets and the ramets, have been
successfully introduced here in terai region of
eastern Uttar Pradesh and are surviving since last two years. However, the
growth is not satisfactory so as to test it as a standard in multistory
cropping. The cause of its slow growth might be non-establishment of suitable
mycorrhizal association and/or absence of suitable
climatic conditions. This failure in achieving a satisfactory growth has
clicked an idea of on farm slow growing plants as part of our ex-situ
conservation strategy similar to the idea of slow growth cultures. This idea
could be tried in ex situ conservation of a number of plant genetic
resources with mycorrhizal association. Key words: Crop
Ideotype, Ex-situ conservation, Multistorey cropping, Mycorrhizal
association, Palm, Pinanga dicksonii |
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41. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 171-174 (2014) Effect of tillage practices,
weed control methods and nitrogen levels on yield of rainfed
maize in alluvial soils Awadhesh Kumar1*, V.K. Kanaujia2
and V.B. Jaiswal3 1Department of Soil Conservation and Water
Management, 2Programme Coordinator,
Directorate of Extension (K.V.K.) and 3SMS (Agronomy) C.S. Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.) *e-mail:
awadheshy427@gmail.com (Received: March 03, 2014;
Revised received: June 15, 2014;Accepted: June 16,2014) |
Abstract: This
study was carried out during kharif 2003 and
2004 at the Soil Conservation and Water Management farm of C.S. Azad
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to find out the effect of
tillage practice, weed control methods and nitrogen levels on yield and root
parameters, soil moisture content and yield of rainfed
maize (Zea mays
L.) in alluvial soils of Northen India. In this
study, yield attributing characters like cobs weight, grain rows per cob,
grains per cob, 1000- grain weight, root development characters like root
depth and dry weight, soil moisture content up to 100 cm depth at various
plant growth stages and maize yield was registered the higher in plots deep
ploughed with MB plough (T4) followed by two ploughing
with cultivator (T2) and two ploughing
with desi plough (T1) but the
lowest was under one ploughing with disc harrow (T3).
These parameters were also found higher under pre-emergence application of Atrazine. The increasing levels of N upto
120 kg ha-1 has significantly increased the yield and yield
parameters of maize and also resulted the trend in length, breadth and dry
weight of root, but the highest moisture content upto
100 cm soil depth was found under control plot (No) followed by 60 kg N and
the lowest under 120 kg N ha-1. Key words: Tillage practices, Nitrogen levels,
Yield, Root parameters, Soil moisture, Rainfed,
Alluvial soils,, Northern India, Pre-emergence, Maize |
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42. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 175-178 (2014) Genetic variability,
correlation coefficient and path analysis in chilli
(Capsicum annuum l.) genotypes H.M. Vijaya1,
A.P. Mallikarjuna Gowda1
And S.D. Nehru2* 1Post Graduate Centre, UHS Campus, GKVK, Bangalore
- 560 065, Karnataka, India 2Scientist, AICRP on chickpea, UAS (B), Bangalore
– 560 065 *e-mail:
vijayahort@gmail.com (Received: November 21,
2013; Revised received: May 03, 2014;Accepted: May 06,2014) |
Abstract: Twenty-four
chilli (Capsicum annuum
L.) genotypes collected from different parts of Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh were evaluated to estimate the genetic variability, heritability,
correlation coefficient and path analysis in Randomized Complete Block Design
with three replications. The overall values of PCV were higher than those of
GCV. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were
observed for dry fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and for
quality parameters like capsaicin, capsanthin and
oleoresin content. Higher heritability coupled with high genetic advance as
per cent of mean was also observed for these characters indicating importance
of additive gene effects for these traits. The number of fruits per plant,
number of primary branches per plant, fruit length and oleoresin content were
exhibited positive and significant correlation with dry fruit yield. The
perusal of path analysis revealed that the traits viz., number of
fruits per plant; pericarp weight and plant spread
had higher direct and positive contribution towards dry fruit yield.
Therefore, greater emphasis should be given for aforesaid characters while
selecting for yield and quality related traits. Key words: Genetic variability, Correlation
coefficient, Path analysis, Chilli genotypes |
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43. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 179-182 (2014) Nutritional quality of multicult fodder sorghum (CoFS-29) as influenced by
different row spacings and nitrogen levels under
irrigated condition Manjunatha S.B1*., Angadi V.V1.,
Palled Y.B1 and Hosamani S.V.2 1Department of Agronomy, 2Department of
Animal Science, UAS Dharwad 580005 *e-mail:
sbmanjusb@gmail.com (Received: March 13, 2014;
Revised received: May 12, 2014;Accepted: May 14,2014) |
Abstract: Field
experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences during Kharifrabiand summer of 2010-11 under irrigated
condition. The result obtained from the study revealed that among the differentrow spacing of 45 and 60 cm recorded
significantly higher yield of crude protein, crude fibre,
and ether extract compared to 30 cm (S1) row spacing. Among the
different nitrogen levels 300 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higherCrude protein content compared to lower levels of nitrogenin all the cuttings. However, green forage and
dry matter yield also higher with a row spacing of 45 cm and 60cm with
application of 300 kg nitrogen per ha as compared to lower level of nitrogen
and was 40.0, 26.2 and 11.9 per cent higher over 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1,
respectively. Key words: CoFS-29 (multicut
sorghum), Green fodder yield, Nitrogen levels, row spacings |
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44. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 183-186 (2014) Dry matter production and
nutrient uptake in kharif sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor L.) Moench) as influenced by integrated
weed management H. R. Priya*,
V. S. Kubsad, K. S. Chethan
and A. H. Pavithra Department of Agronomy,
College of Agriculture, Dharwad University of
Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 005 *e-mail:
priya.agron@gmail.com (Received: March 24, 2014;
Revised received: June 22, 2014;Accepted: June 25,2014) |
Abstract: A
field trail was carried out in vertisols during kharif season of 2011 at Main Agricultural
Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka, to
investigate the effect of integrated weed management practices on dry matter
production and nutrient uptake by weeds and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench) at 60 days after sowing and harvest.
Integrated weed management consisted of pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha followed by post emergence
application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg/ha, 2, 4-D @ 0.5
kg/ha, metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g and 6 g/ha, intercultivation and hand weeding. The major weed flora
observed in the experimental field was Cynodon
dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Dinebra retroflexa, Echinochloa
colonum, Cyperus rotundus, Acalypha indica L, Ageratum conyzoides
L, Amaranthus viridis,
Amaranthus spinosus, Alternanthera sessilis L,
Commelina benghalensis,
Cyanotis cucullata, Euphorbia
geniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Physalis
minima and Mollugo verticillata L. The results revealed that
pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha
(PE) followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20
DAS and intercultivation at 30 DAS recorded a significant
reduction in total weed population and weed dry weight. The total dry matter
production, grain yield (4.42 t/ha), fodder yield (9.83 t/ha) and uptake of
NPK nutrients by sorghum were significantly higher with same treatment
compared to weedy check. This was at par with weed free check. Higher
nutrient uptake by weeds and lower dry matter production by crop was recorded
in unweeded check. Key words: Dry matter production, integrated
weed management, Nutrient uptake, Sorghum, Weed flora |
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45. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 187-190 (2014) Correlation between weather
and yield attributes of mango M. Kumar*, V. Ponnuswami, S. Ramesh Kumar and
V. Arumugam Faculty of Horticulture, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi,
Tamil Nadu, India.-642103 *e-mail:
kumshorts@gmail.com (Received: March 24, 2014;
Revised received: June 28, 2014;Accepted: June 30,2014) |
Abstract: Ten
diverse cultivars of mango were selected from the Kanyakumari
and Tenkasi locations of Tamil Nadu during both
main season and off season during2010–2012 to determine the correlation along
with their weather parameters viz., Max temperature, Minimum temperature,
Relative humidity and Rain fall of independent characters and dependent
variables offlowering characters viz., number of
inflorescence m-2, hermaphrodite flower per cent, fruit set
percent, number of fruits tree-1 and yield of fruits per tree
through correlation coefficients analysis in mango as to estimate the
contribution of most important characters towards yield. The result revealed
that, the maximum temperature (320C), minimum temperature (20.300C),
relative humidity (84.50 per cent) and average rainfall (130.00 mm) had
highly significant and positive correlation with all the flowering and
fruiting parameters of both main and off-season of mango cultivars. At Tenkasi location, the maximum temperature (330C),
minimum temperature (20.700C) and average rainfall (115.00 mm)
showed the positive and significant association with all the flowering and
fruiting characters of mango cultivars during both the seasons. In
combination with weather parameters and flowering and fruiting characters of
correlation coefficient, it was found that the weather parameters had
significantly influences the number of number of inflorescence m-2,
hermaphrodite flower per cent, fruit set percent fruits per plant gave
significant positive correlation coefficients with yield and also produce the
high positive direct effect. Thus, it was clear that number of inflorescence
m-2, hermaphrodite flower per cent, fruit set per cent and number
of fruit per tree are the major component of fruit yield in mango. Key words: Correlation studies, Weather, Yield
attributes, Main season, Off-season |
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46. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 191-192 (2014) Effect of temperature on
growth of cercospora canescens
causing leaf spot disease in greengram Veena* and Yashoda
R. Hegde Departmentof plant pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad – 580005, Karnataka, India *e-mail:
drveenashree@gmail.com (Received: March 24, 2014;
Revised received: June 08, 2014;Accepted: June 10,2014) |
Abstract: The
temperature studies revealed that maximum mycelial
weight of fungus was observed at temperature of 200C (442.50 mg),
which was followed by 250C (382.50mg). The least growth was
observed at 15 and 400C (20.00 mg). Maximum radial growth was
observed at temperature 250C (8.65 cm) followed by 200C
(7.03 cm). The optimum temperature range for C. canescens
was 20 to 250C. Temperature playsimportant
role among the external factors which influence the growth and reproduction
of fungi. All the fungi have minimum temperature, below which they cannot
grow and above which they are inactivated or killed. Each fungus has its
temperature range for the growth. Key words: Greengram, Cercospora canescens,
Temperature, Growth |
|
47. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 193-196 (2014) Diversity studies in
selected maize (Zea mays
L.) germplasm of eastern Uttar Pradesh Manoj Kumar Meena, Rajesh Singh, Amita Sharma* and P.K. Bhati Department of Genetics and
Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi- 221005, India *e-mail:
amita85.22@gmail.com (Received: March 24, 2014;
Revised received: June 19, 2014;Accepted: June 22,2014) |
Abstract: In
order to assess the divergence among 25 genotypes in maize, Mahalanobis D2 statistics was applied based on
11 traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among
genotypes for all the traits. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters,
where cluster I was the largest containing 16 genotypes followed by cluster
III with 4 genotypes, cluster II with 3 genotype and cluster IV and V with 1
genotype each. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between
cluster IV and cluster V indicating wider genetic diversity among genotypes
in these groups and lowest between cluster I and cluster III. While, Intra
cluster D2 value was maximum in cluster III. Based on inter
cluster distance and per se performance of genotypes, the entries viz.,
CM-145, HUZM-478, HUZM-88, HUZM-60, 1105, V-336, V-388, HUZM-185, HKI-162,
HKI-287, HUZM-509 and HUZM-80.1were selected which could be intercrossed to
obtain high heterotic expression and also to
recover desirable transgressive. Key words: Genetic diversity, Genotypes,
Hybrids, Zea mays
L. |
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48. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 197-200 (2014) Effect of climate on
reproductive parameters of surati buffaloes reared
under surati buffalo calf rearing project, Gujarat. Jeetendra K.Raval1*,Kartik.M.Patel2, Jignesh.M.Patel3
And Harilal.D.Mehta4 1Subject Matter Specialist
(Animal Science), Krishi Vigyan
Kendra, NAU, Di.Tapi ,Vyara-394650 2Depttt.
of Livestock Production and Technology, College of Veterinary Science and
Animal Husbandry ,S.K Nagar 3Deptt.
of Veterinary Pathology, Vanbandhu College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry ,NAU,Navasari 4Regional Rice Research Station,.NAU, Di.Tapi
,Vyara-394650 (Guj) *e-mail:
ravaljk2@gmail.com (Received: March 31, 2014;
Revised received: June 28, 2014;Accepted: June 29,2014) |
Abstract: Surati Buffalo
Calf Rearing Project, Navasari Agricultural
University (NAU) ,Vyara ,Di.Tapi, Gujarat,is catering
needs of both science as wellasextension since year
2003. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of climatic
changes on reproduction performance of surati
buffaloes with the help ofretrospective analysis ofreproductive and climatic data .The reduced temperature
and humidity along with better rainfall were found to havepositive
effect on reproduction parameters like age atfirst
calving, calving interval and service periodand
vice versa. Significantly increased age at first calving (1603 days) in year
2008 as compared to year 2011 (i.e 1278 days) was
in harmony withincreased relative humidity ( 80.20%) in year 2008 as compared to year 2011 (i.e 75.02 %) .Increased annual average temperature (26.350C)
in year 2010 as compared to 25.300C in year 2008 was observed to
have parallel effect on increased calving interval (i.e. 494.40 days) in year
2010 as compared to 449.25 days in year 2008. Significantly improved service
period of the years 2010 (37.25 days) and 2011 (87.75 days) were in tune with
comparatively better rainfall of year 2010 (270.08 mm) and 2011 (294.00 mm).
Higher reproduction efficiency can be achieved by alleviation of climate
related stresses with the help ofsuitable remedial measures.The study data can be useful for further
research and reference purpose. Key words: Surati Buffalo
Calf Rearing Project, Reproduction parameters, Climate, Remedial measures |
|
49. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 201-204 (2014) Effect of Cu application on
growth, yield and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) in Gomti-upland
alluvial soil Pankaj Giri*, Ram Kumar, Rajeew
Singh and S. N. Pandey Department of Botany, University of Lucknow,
Lucknow- 226007 *e-mail:
pankajgiri2008@rediffmail.com (Received: April 01, 2014;
Revised received: July 15, 2014;Accepted: July 16,2014) |
Abstract: A
field experiment was conducted during winter season Lucknow University (New
Campus) to study the response of copper (Cu) application on wheat
reproductive yield, Cu uptake, sugar, proline and
protein contents and activity of amylase, catalase
and peroxidase enzymes. Cu were added to soil @ 0,
2, 4, 8 and 12 kg h-1 as CuSO4 at the time of sowing in all the
treatments Least significant difference analysis of data revealed that yield
parameters (No. of tillers plant-1, No. of ear plant-1,
Ear length plant-1 and Ear weight plant-1), proline and protein contents of wheat plants were
significantly increased up to 8 kg h-1. As compare to control,
content of Cu were significantly (p<0.01) increased in root and shoot of
wheat plants by 1666 and 1449% while grown at 12 kg h-1 Cu. Number
of grain ear-1, grain seed-100 weight significantly
(p<0.01) increased by 112 and 33.5% in wheat plants grown at 12 kg h-1
Cu. Pigments synthesis under Cu application increased up to 4 kg h-1
levels then decrease up to higher levels. Proline
contents in the leaves of wheat plants increased up to higher level while
protein contents increased up to 8 kg h-1 cu supply. Activity of catalase, peroxidase and
amylase were found to be significantly increased by 54%, 157% and 130%
respectively in the leaves of wheat plants grown in soil amended with 12 kg h-1compared
to control. Key words: Wheat, Cu, Growth, Peroxidase and Sugar |
|
50. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 205-208 (2014) Genetic analysis to assess
the parental lines for grain quality traits in rice (Oryza
sativa L.) Doddabhimappa R. Gangapur*, K. Thiyagarajan
and Santoshkumar Magadum Department Centre for Plant Breeding and
Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003 *e-mail:
db4334@gmail.com (Received: April 05, 2014;
Revised received: July 18, 2014;Accepted: July 19,2014) |
Abstract: The
present investigation was carried out with the objective to develop heterotic rice hybrids with heat tolerance. Four diverse
CGMS lines and 50 tester parents were selected for hybridization. Two hundred
hybrids were developed by line x tester mating design. Analyses were made to
identify best combining parents and hybrids. The CGMS line COMS 24A was found
to be a good general combiner for hulling per cent, milling per cent and
kernel length/breadth ratio. The tester CB00-14-56 was a good general combiner
for hulling per cent and milling per cent. The other testers CB00-14-82 and
CB00-13-97 were good general combiners for hulling per cent and milling per
cent. These genotypes can be used as potential donors in the breeding rice programme for developing hybrids with superior grain
quality traits. Key words: Rice hybrids, Parental lines,
Combining ability, Grain quality traits |
|
51. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 209- 210 (2014) Toxin production and
induction of sporulation among isolates of cercospora canescens
causing leaf spot disease in mungbean 1Veena*,1Yashoda
R. Hegdeand 2 RaheesaKhatib
1Department of Plant
Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
– 580005 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of
Agricultural Sciences,Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, India *e-mail:
drveenashree@gmail.com (Received: March 24, 2014;
Revised received: July 01, 2014;Accepted: July 02,2014) |
Abstract: Cercospora leaf spot(CLS) caused by Crcospora
canescens is most destructive disease of mungbean. Six isolates of Crcospora
canescens were tested for toxin production and sporulation. Six isolates of C. canescens
were tested for production of toxin and induction of sporulation inmodified potato
dextrose agar with different concentration of dextrose. Among all the
isolates, Amargola isolate produced maximum toxin
in culture filtrate and resulted in minimum vigour
index of seedlings. Based on vigour index the
isolates were classified into three groups. Group I consisted of three
isolate like Amargola, Bailahongal
and Nippani isolate with vigour
index ranging from 1000-2000. Group II consisted of two isolates viz., Hosur and Sogal isolate,
ranging from 2000-3000. Group III consisted of oneisolate
(Dharwad isolate) withvigour
index ranging from 3000-4000 with low toxin production. Sporulation
was completely absent in 2%, 4% and 10% dextrose concentration, which
indicated that higher (10%) and lower concentration (2-4%) of dextrose
suppressed sporulation. Moderate concentration of
6-8%dextrose favoured sporulation
and good growth of mycelium in some isolates. Sporulation
was observed in majority of isolates in 6-8%dextrose concentration. Key words: Cercospora canescens, Mungbean, Toxin
production, Sporulation |
|
52. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 7(3) 211-212 (2014) Effect of ridge and furrow
system on the growth character and productivity of rainfed
soybean in Vidisha district of M.P. S.S. Dhakad*1, Vijay Agrawal2 and Sangeev
Verma3 1Krishi
Vigyan Kendra (RVSKVV) Shajapur-465001,2Department
of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur 3Krishi
Vigyan Kendra (JNKVV) Hoshangabad,
India *e-mail: sudhirdhakad@rediffmail.com (Received: April 14, 2014;
Revised received: July 11, 2014;Accepted: July 12,2014) |
Abstract: Field
demonstration was conducted during Kharif
season 2009 and 2010 to study ridge and furrow system for soybean crop at
farmer’s fields in Vidisha district under Vindhya
plateau agro-climatic region of Madhya Pradesh. Result showed that growth
character (plant height, number of branches per plant and number of root
nodules per plant) and yield contributing character viz. number of
pods per plant, seed yield weight per plant, seed index, seed yield, straw
yield and harvest index (%) found higher in ridge and furrow system compared
to the normal flat bed sowing which subsequently resulted in yield
enhancement to the extent of 27.2 % for soyabean
crop. Key words: Soybean, Ridge and Furrow, growth
character, yield, B:C ratio,Vertisols |