RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENT AND
LIFE SCIENCES
Volume-2, Number-3, August-2009
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28. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 137-146 (2009) Conservation status of flying mammal : Bats Jitendra Kumar and Amita Kanaujia* Department of Zoology, *e-mail:
kanaujia.amita@gmail.com (Received: December 26,
2008; Revised received: July 10, 2009; Accepted: July 25, 2009) |
Abstract: Bats are the only mammals that are capable of
true flight. They belong to order Chiroptera, class
of Mammalia.At present,
there are approximately 1001 species of bats that are subcategorized as Megachiroptera (1 Family, 167 Frugivorous
bat species) and Microchiroptera (16 Families, 834
Insectivorous species). They are found all over the world except the Key words:
Chiroptera,
Insectivorous, Frugivorous, Patagium,
Pollinators, Critically endangered |
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29. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 147-152 (2009) Genotoxic potential of aluminum and fluoride on human peripheral
blood lymphocytes T.N. Patel*, S. Chakraborty, S. Sahoo,G. Mehta, D. Chavda, C. Patel and P. Patel
Department of Bioscience and Environmental Science, Vallabh Vidya Nagar - 388 120, Gujarat,
India *e-mail:
dr.tnpatel@gmail.com (Received: March 06, 2009; Revised received: June 22, 2009;
Accepted: July 05, 2009) |
Abstract: Aluminum (Al), the most abundant metal, is toxic
especially in its trivalent form (Al+3), which represents most
soluble form at different physiological hydrogen ion concentrations (pH).
Endemic fluorosis is a form of chronic fluoride
intoxication resulting from ingestion of excessive quantities of fluoride
through drinking water. The large quantity of drinking water consumed in hot
arid climates is supposed to contribute to a higher daily intake of fluoride
resulting in incidence of clinical fluorosis. The
aluminum industry has hazardous waste by product of fluorides and this is
also certified by Environment Protection Agency. Al is known to increase the
intestinal absorption of fluoride at different physiological pH. In the
present investigation, the genotoxicity studies of AlCl3 and NaF
independently and concurrently, was carried out on human peripheral blood
lymphocyte in vitro.The
study showed that NaF and AlCl3
independently were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) toxic in
the in vitro system. The combined treatment was more profoundly toxic
(p<0.01, p<0.001) when compared to individual toxicity of the chemical
on various parameters studied, without metabolic activation. The results
suggest that NaF and AlCl3
have a genotoxic and cytotoxic
potential in human peripheral blood cultures in vitro. Key words: Genotoxicity, Aluminum,
Fluoride, Aberration, Micronuclei, Sister chromatid
exchange |
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30. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 153-156 (2009) Effect of chromium on seed
germination, seedling growth and its remediation with zinc in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Aditya Verma*, Ram Kumar and Y. K. Sharma Department of Botany, *e-mail:
aditya_kobe@yahoo.co.in (Received: December 26, 2008; Revised received: June 20, 2009; Accepted:
July 15, 2009) |
Abstract: High amount of heavy metals can cause harmful
effects to the environment. Chromium (Cr) is the highly toxic pollutant,
which constitute a risk for aquatic and terrestrial life. Increased chromium
concentration in soil resulting from industrial activities is critical to crop
production. Chromium containing tannery effluent inhibits the overall growth
and production of the crop plants. The aim of this investigation was to study
the effect of different chromium concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) and its combinations with zinc (0.20 and 0.50 mM) treatment on germination percentage, biomass yield,
catalase and peroxidase activities in 15 days old cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
seedlings grown in vitro. The obtained result showed that the
increasing concentration of the chromium (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) caused reduction in germination percentage, seedling
growth (plumule length, radicle
length and number of lateral roots), total biomass production, pigments
(chlorophyll, phaeophytin and carotenoids), total protein and total sugar
while the activity of antioxidants (catalase and peroxidase) increased.
Application of zinc (0.20 and 0.50 mM) with high
concentrations of chromium (0.20 and 0.50 mM) shows
increased germination percentage, plant growth and reduces level of enzymes
(catalase and peroxidase) in comparison alone concentrations of chromium. Key words: Chromium,
Cucumis sativus,
Biomass, Pigments, Catalase, Peroxidase |
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31. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 157-164 (2009) A mathematical modeling of fluid flow through a Wavy Walled
square pipe in environmental studies: Non-orthogonal coordinates Akhilesh Tripathi and Sunil Datta* Department
of Mathematics, *e-mail:
sv.datta@gmail.com (Received: January 15, 2009; Revised received:
July 15, 2009; Accepted: July 25, 2009) |
Abstract: In this paper we consider the steady flow of a
viscous fluid through a rectilinear pipe bounded by four sinusoidally
varying plates in same phase with opposite plates separated by a mean
distance 2 h. For the non-varying rectilinear pipe with rectangular cross
section, the classical velocity profile for the fully developed flow is well
known. In the present research an attempt is made to analyze the flow in a
generalized non-orthogonal coordinate system that renders the wavy pipe as
plane walled pipe. Continuity equation and Navier-stokes
equations are presented in the generalized coordinate system and simplified
through use of small perturbation under small Reynolds number approximation.
Flow characteristics such as centerline velocity have been evaluated and
discussed .The results of the paper have possible applications in flow of air
pollutants in stakes and waste water through pipes and also in life sciences. Key words:
Wavy pipe, Navier-stoke
equations, Small Reynolds number, Perturbation |
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32. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 165-166 (2009) Identification and purity test of drotaverine
HCI Om Prakash*1,
1Department of Industrial Chemistry, 2Department of Pharmacy, BBDNIT&M *e-mail:
om_7740@ yahoo.co.in (Received: January 05, 2009; Revised received: June 21, 2009;
Accepted: July 05, 2009) |
Abstract:Pain is an ill-defined, unpleasant
sensation, usually evoked by an external or internal noxious stimulus. Pain
may be acute or chronic, renal colic pain and labour
pain is most common and chronic pain generally not contolled
by Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)and more potent drug needed
to controll pain drotaverine
HCl is one of the antispasmodic drug acts by phosphodiesterase-IV inhibition to reduces the pain sensation.
The purity and potency of drotavrine is an major factor to reduce the dosing frequency, toxicity
and other related side effects. The potency of drotaverine
HCl is found to be 98.8% and major peaks obtained
in IR spectra at same frequencies as that of standard. Key word: Phosphodiesterase-IV, Drotaverine HCl, Colic pain, Labour pain |
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33. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 167-172 (2009) Removal of soluble reactive
phosphorus (SRP) from water by aquatic macrophytes Jatin Srivastava*1,Nandita Singh2, Harish Chandra3 , Dharam Singh1 and A.R. Nautiyal4 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Chatrapati
Shahu Ji Maharaj University, 2Eco-Auditing Division, National Botanical Research Institute
- Rana-Pratap Marg, 3Department of microbiology GIBMS, 4High *email: jks_345@rediffmail.com (Received: February 21, 2009; Revised received: July 14,
2009; Accepted: July 25, 2009) |
Abstract: Monoculture
of seven aquatic macrophytes viz., Marcellia spp., Pistia
stratiotes, Ipomea aquatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Trapa natans, Chara najas and Ludwigia
repens were investigated in mesocosms
for the removal of soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) and other nutrient ions
to improve water quality. The testing medium (amended water) containing
higher concentrations of SRP 10 mg L-1, NO31-
10 mg L-1, Ca2+ 30 mg L-1, and K1+
15 mg L-1was treated with individual plant species. Significant
reduction of SRP from the water was observed by all the species especially C.
najas and H. verticillata.
The plant tissue P concentration was found maximum in C. najas followed by H. verticillata,
and P. stratiotes with a value 1.15, 1.04
and 1.05 mg g-1dwt respectively. The overall performance indicates
that the submerged aquatic macrophytes are
potential accumulator of P. However, no single species was found to have a
complete mitigation of nutrients from water. Key words: Aquatic
macrophyte, Monoculture, Mesocosm,
Soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) |
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34. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 173-178 (2009) Effect of water pollution on
Pistia stratiotes
in river Suheli of Brijendra Pratap Singh* and P.K. Tandon Department of Botany,
Faculty of Science, *e-mail:
p.brijendra@gmail.com (Received: March 02, 2009; Revised
received: July 24, 2009; Accepted: August 04, 2009) |
Abstract: Aquatic vascular plants play an important role
in the uptake, storage, and recycling of metals. The uptake of metals depends
on redox potential, chemical form of element and on
the life form of the macrophytes. Pistia stratiotes a free-floating aquatic macrophyteabsorb
elements mainly through the roots. Effect of polluted water form the
different experimental sites of Suheli and Gomti river were studied in plant Pistia
stratiotes. Remarkable changes wereobserved in plant growth in water streames.
The plants showed brown coloration signifying the damage of total chlorophyll
content attibutable to the deficiency of nutrientions, which are essential for photosynthesis. Key words: Pistia stratiotes, Metals, Pigments, Catalase,
Peroxidase, Sugar |
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35. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 179-180 (2009) Antagonistic reactions of rhizosphere microflora towards moth bean root rot pathogen Deepali Chaturvedi* Department of Botany, *e-mail:
dr.deepalichaturvedi@yahoo.co.in (Received: February 18,
2009; Revised received: July 22, 2009; Accepted: August 03, 2009) |
Abstract: Growth of a
root through soil causes marked shift in the microbiological equilibrium,
both quantitatively and qualitatively known as rhizosphere.
Rhizosphere play an important role by affecting the
associative or antagonistic microorganisms present in the rhizosphere
of host resulting in reducing the soil borne diseases. Moth bean(Vigna aconitifolia),
which is attacked by large number of pathogens resulting in varying degree of
losses in terms of production ,is an important crop of arid zone.Macrophomina phaseolina,has been reported as the most
devastating pathogen found invariably associated with bean seeds. So, these
studies were carried out to throw light particularly in relation to soil
microbes responsible for their associative and antagonistic effect on the
pathogen in the vicinity of host plants roots. Different species of fungi,
bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from rhizosphere of moth bean crop, screened invitro in order to check their antagonistic
properties against M.phaseolina.So that, soil borne diseases and their related
pathogens can be managed by making changes in the dense and dynamic community
of microbes in rhizosphere. Key words: Rhizosphere, Moth bean,
Root rot, Antagonistic effect, M. phaseolina |
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36. |
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(3) 181-184 (2009) Effect of low temperature on flowering response and biochemical
changes during the process of floral induction in Cucumis
sativus Gopal Tewari*, Sandeep
Kaur, Manoj Kumar Soni and Y.K. Sharma Department of Botany, *e-mail: tewarigopal@gmail.com (Received: January 08, 2009; Revised received:
July 27, 2009; Accepted: August 03, 2009) |
Abstract: Seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.),
variety Jyoti Green Long, were exposed to low
temperature (4°C) for – 0 (as control), 24, 48 and 72 hr and then allowed to
germinate and grow in normal conditions for two weeks inside the laboratory.
After two weeks five seedlings from each petridish
were transplanted in pots and their development patterns up to anthesis were observed using morphological and
biochemical (metabolites and enzyme activity) parameters. It was observed
that exposure of seeds to low temperature had a profound effect on the
flowering response in cucumber.Except the pollen
sterility and the total No. of female flowers formed, all the morphological
parameters studied viz. days to anthesis of
male and female flowers; number of node bearing 1st
male or female flower, total male flowers formed and ratio of male
flowers to female flowers were decreased as compared to control, when low
temperature was given for 24 and 48 hr; but different effect was observed on
exposing to low temperature for 72 hr. The sucrose and starch content was
found to increase with an increase in the duration of low temperature
exposure to seeds up to 48 hr, beyond which it decreased significantly at 72
hr exposure, both at pre-flowering and flowering stages while the total
protein content showed a different trend though. The activity of sucrose synthase increased significantly with increase in
duration of low temperature up to 48 hours beyond which it decreased when
compared to control. Similarly the activity of sucrose synthase
decreased from pre-flowering to flowering stage in plants raised from seeds
that were exposed to low temperature for 24, 48 and 72 hr respectively.
Activity of acid invertase showed a trend just
opposite to that of sucrose synthase. IAA oxidase showed a definite reduction in the activity with
the increased duration of low temperature exposure. While at pre-flowering
stage it was highest in control, the activity decreased significantly in plants
which were raised from the seeds subjected to low temperature for 24, 48 and
72 hr respectively. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity also increased markedly when
plants experienced transition from pre-flowering to flowering stage. A
similar trend to that of PPO was observed in case of peroxidase activity. Key words:
Male
flowers, Female flowers, Pollen sterility, Sucrose synthase,
Acid invertase, IAA-oxidase,
Polyphenol oxidase,
Peroxidase |